2. Calculate the threshold of population inversion ( AN) for ruby laser (2= 694.3nm) If the mirrorsreflectivities are RI=R2-0.9 and the life time for spontaneous emission is (r = 3x10s), length ofthe laser medium is 5 em and its refractive index is (1.7). Assume the line shape function(g(v) =1.1x10 s) and neglect the coefficient of internal losses.From the result calculate the threshold gain (Yh) if the transition cross section is o= 2.8x10"cm

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