Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Science
Biology
2. Birds have evolved over the last 60-70 MY. To learn about their relatedness, we can use DNA sequences. Because DNA evolves at a relatively steady rate, gene sequences in two different organisms will accumulate sequence changes and become more different with time. The longer ago their common ancestor was, the more different their sequences will be. However, some genes are under more selection and so evolve slowly. Other genes are under less selection and so evolve quite quickly. Assuming that sites change linearly with time, we can calculate how many sites differ when comparing genes between different species. For simplicity we'll assume we are comparing 1000bp of sequence for each of these genes. Species compared Canary and olive finch Canary and house finch Canary and zebra finch Canary and robin Canary and chicken a. Why do the three genes differ in the number of variable sites between different species? # of sites that vary when comparing 2 sequences Elongation factor la Green sensitive opsin Mitochondrial cytb 19 34 84 106 235 1 1 Canary Olive finch House finch Zebra finch robin chicken 3 4 10 Here is some (hypothetical) data that shows the fraction of sites that differ when comparing the green sensitive opsin gene across all possible pairs of the different species. Olive finch House finch 0.008 0.000 0.014 0.035 0.045 0.097 Zebra finch 0.014 0.014 0.000 Canary 0.000 0.035 0.008 0.035 0.014 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.000 0.044 0.042 0.043 0.098 0.096 0.099 Sketch a simple tree that shows how these organisms are related to each other, based on this data. Robin d. Why would the cyt b gene do a poor job of determining bird relationships? e. Why is the green sensitive opsin gene just right in this case? 160 280 700 750 750 0.044 0.045 0.042 0.043 0.000 0.100 Chicken 0.098 0.097 0.096 0.099 0.100 0.000 c. Why would the elongation factor la gene do a poor job of determining the relationships of these birds?

2. Birds have evolved over the last 60-70 MY. To learn about their relatedness, we can use DNA sequences. Because DNA evolves at a relatively steady rate, gene sequences in two different organisms will accumulate sequence changes and become more different with time. The longer ago their common ancestor was, the more different their sequences will be. However, some genes are under more selection and so evolve slowly. Other genes are under less selection and so evolve quite quickly. Assuming that sites change linearly with time, we can calculate how many sites differ when comparing genes between different species. For simplicity we'll assume we are comparing 1000bp of sequence for each of these genes. Species compared Canary and olive finch Canary and house finch Canary and zebra finch Canary and robin Canary and chicken a. Why do the three genes differ in the number of variable sites between different species? # of sites that vary when comparing 2 sequences Elongation factor la Green sensitive opsin Mitochondrial cytb 19 34 84 106 235 1 1 Canary Olive finch House finch Zebra finch robin chicken 3 4 10 Here is some (hypothetical) data that shows the fraction of sites that differ when comparing the green sensitive opsin gene across all possible pairs of the different species. Olive finch House finch 0.008 0.000 0.014 0.035 0.045 0.097 Zebra finch 0.014 0.014 0.000 Canary 0.000 0.035 0.008 0.035 0.014 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.000 0.044 0.042 0.043 0.098 0.096 0.099 Sketch a simple tree that shows how these organisms are related to each other, based on this data. Robin d. Why would the cyt b gene do a poor job of determining bird relationships? e. Why is the green sensitive opsin gene just right in this case? 160 280 700 750 750 0.044 0.045 0.042 0.043 0.000 0.100 Chicken 0.098 0.097 0.096 0.099 0.100 0.000 c. Why would the elongation factor la gene do a poor job of determining the relationships of these birds?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question
2. Birds have evolved over the last 60-70 MY. To learn about their relatedness, we can use DNA sequences. Because DNA evolves at a relatively steady rate, gene sequences in two different organisms will accumulate sequence changes and become more different with time. The longer ago their common ancestor was, the more different their sequences will be. However, some genes are under more selection and so evolve slowly. Other genes are under less selection and so evolve quite quickly. Assuming that sites change linearly with time, we can calculate how many sites differ when comparing genes between different species. For simplicity we'll assume we are comparing 1000bp of sequence for each of these genes. Species compared Canary and olive finch Canary and house finch Canary and zebra finch Canary and robin Canary and chicken a. Why do the three genes differ in the number of variable sites between different species? Canary Olive finch House finch Zebra finch robin chicken Canary # of sites that vary when comparing 2 sequences Elongation factor la Green sensitive opsin Mitochondrial cytb 19 34 0.000 0.008 0.014 0.035 0.044 0.098 1 1 3 4 10 Here is some (hypothetical) data that shows the fraction of sites that differ when comparing the green sensitive opsin gene across all possible pairs of the different species. Olive finch 0.008 0.000 0.014 0.035 0.045 0.097 House finch 84 106 235 0.014 0.014 0.000 0.035 0.042 0.096 Zebra finch 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.000 0.043 0.099 Robin 160 280 700 750 750 0.044 0.045 0.042 0.043 0.000 0.100 d. Why would the cyt b gene do a poor job of determining bird relationships? e. Why is the green sensitive opsin gene just right in this case? Chicken 0.098 0.097 0.096 0.099 0.100 0.000 Sketch a simple tree that shows how these organisms are related to each other, based on this data. c. Why would the elongation factor la gene do a poor job of determining the relationships of these birds?
Transcribed Image Text:2. Birds have evolved over the last 60-70 MY. To learn about their relatedness, we can use DNA sequences. Because DNA evolves at a relatively steady rate, gene sequences in two different organisms will accumulate sequence changes and become more different with time. The longer ago their common ancestor was, the more different their sequences will be. However, some genes are under more selection and so evolve slowly. Other genes are under less selection and so evolve quite quickly. Assuming that sites change linearly with time, we can calculate how many sites differ when comparing genes between different species. For simplicity we'll assume we are comparing 1000bp of sequence for each of these genes. Species compared Canary and olive finch Canary and house finch Canary and zebra finch Canary and robin Canary and chicken a. Why do the three genes differ in the number of variable sites between different species? Canary Olive finch House finch Zebra finch robin chicken Canary # of sites that vary when comparing 2 sequences Elongation factor la Green sensitive opsin Mitochondrial cytb 19 34 0.000 0.008 0.014 0.035 0.044 0.098 1 1 3 4 10 Here is some (hypothetical) data that shows the fraction of sites that differ when comparing the green sensitive opsin gene across all possible pairs of the different species. Olive finch 0.008 0.000 0.014 0.035 0.045 0.097 House finch 84 106 235 0.014 0.014 0.000 0.035 0.042 0.096 Zebra finch 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.000 0.043 0.099 Robin 160 280 700 750 750 0.044 0.045 0.042 0.043 0.000 0.100 d. Why would the cyt b gene do a poor job of determining bird relationships? e. Why is the green sensitive opsin gene just right in this case? Chicken 0.098 0.097 0.096 0.099 0.100 0.000 Sketch a simple tree that shows how these organisms are related to each other, based on this data. c. Why would the elongation factor la gene do a poor job of determining the relationships of these birds?
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Genetic evolution
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780815344322
Author:
Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:
W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781260159363
Author:
Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9781260231700
Author:
Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:
McGraw Hill Education
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS