### Reaction Mechanism Analysis: Step-by-Step GuideA reaction was found to proceed mechanistically in two steps. The following data was reported:- **Step 1:** - Activation Energy (\(E_{act}\)): 35 kJ/mol - Change in Enthalpy (\(\Delta H^0\)): +25 kJ/mol- **Step 2:** - Activation Energy (\(E_{act}\)): 7 kJ/mol - Change in Enthalpy (\(\Delta H^0\)): -45 kJ/mol#### (a) Potential Energy DiagramTo construct a potential energy diagram for the complete reaction:1. **Axes Identification:** - **X-axis:** Reaction Progress - **Y-axis:** Potential Energy (kJ/mol)2. **Label the Diagram:** - **Transition States:** Points at local maxima - **Rate-Determining Step:** Step with the highest activation energy (Step 1) - **Reactants:** Starting point on the energy scale. - **Intermediates:** Point between two steps. - **Products:** Ending point on the energy scale. - **Activation Energies (\(E_{act}\)):** Peaks of the graph - **Change in Enthalpy (\(\Delta H^0\)) Values:** Difference in the y-axis values between reactants and products for each step.#### (b) Overall \(\Delta H^0\)To calculate the overall \(\Delta H^0\) from the graph:- **Overall \(\Delta H^0\):** - Combine the \(\Delta H^0\) values from both steps. - \(\Delta H^0 = \Delta H^0_{Step 1} + \Delta H^0_{Step 2}\) - \(\Delta H^0 = +25 kJ/mol + (-45 kJ/mol) = -20 kJ/mol\)Label the diagram with this overall \(\Delta H^0\).#### (c) Endothermic vs. Exothermic Steps- **Step 1:** Endothermic (since \(\Delta H^0\) is positive: +25 kJ/mol)- **Step 2:** Exothermic (since \(\Delta H^0\) is negative: -45 kJ/mol)**Justification

Given: Step 1: Eact = 35 KJ/mol ∆H° = +25KJ/mol Step 2 : Eact = 7 KJ/mole ∆H° = -45 KJ/mol

2. A reaction was found to proceed mechanistically in two steps. The following data was reported: Step 1: Ext = 35 kl/mol; AHº = +25 kJ/mol Step 2: Enct = 7 kJ/mol; AH° = -45 kJ/mol (a) Draw a potential energy diagram for the complete reaction. Identify the x and y axes, and label the diagram with the following: the transition states; the rate - determining step; the locations of the reactants, intermediates, and products of the reaction; the two Egct values; and the two AH° values given. (b) Calculate the overall AH° for the reaction from the graph, and label your diagram with it. (c) Are the first and second steps endothermic or exothermic? Justify your choices. (d) Are the transition states each for the first and second steps more product - like or more reactant - like? Justify your answers!

2. A reaction was found to proceed mechanistically in two steps. The following data was reported: Step 1: Ext = 35 kl/mol; AHº = +25 kJ/mol Step 2: Enct = 7 kJ/mol; AH° = -45 kJ/mol (a) Draw a potential energy diagram for the complete reaction. Identify the x and y axes, and label the diagram with the following: the transition states; the rate - determining step; the locations of the reactants, intermediates, and products of the reaction; the two Egct values; and the two AH° values given. (b) Calculate the overall AH° for the reaction from the graph, and label your diagram with it. (c) Are the first and second steps endothermic or exothermic? Justify your choices. (d) Are the transition states each for the first and second steps more product - like or more reactant - like? Justify your answers!

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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