2 ATP + HCO₂ + NH₂ 140 CPS-1 H₂N OPO,2 H₂N 2 ADP, P CH₂ HỘ NHỎ coo 1 0=UN NH₂ P OTC ARG1 H₂O NH₂ H₂H Coo NH CHI CH₂ Coo CH₂ 7 CH₂ HỘ NHĨ coo 4 5 Which of the following is a carbon input to this pathway? (Numbers refer to the above key) 1 2 3 4 None of these is a carbon input NH CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HỒ NH coo ASL -8---8 CH₂ HỘ NHĨ coo CH ASS ATP PP L-Asp AMP 1 L-ornithine 2 carbamoyl phosphate 3 L-citrulline 4 argininosuccinate 5 fumarate 6 L-arginine 7 urea L-Asp L-aspartate CPS-1 carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I OTC Ornithine transcarbamoylase ASS argininosuccinate synthetase ASL argininosuccinate lyase ARG1 arginase 1 OH OH NH₂
2 ATP + HCO₂ + NH₂ 140 CPS-1 H₂N OPO,2 H₂N 2 ADP, P CH₂ HỘ NHỎ coo 1 0=UN NH₂ P OTC ARG1 H₂O NH₂ H₂H Coo NH CHI CH₂ Coo CH₂ 7 CH₂ HỘ NHĨ coo 4 5 Which of the following is a carbon input to this pathway? (Numbers refer to the above key) 1 2 3 4 None of these is a carbon input NH CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HỒ NH coo ASL -8---8 CH₂ HỘ NHĨ coo CH ASS ATP PP L-Asp AMP 1 L-ornithine 2 carbamoyl phosphate 3 L-citrulline 4 argininosuccinate 5 fumarate 6 L-arginine 7 urea L-Asp L-aspartate CPS-1 carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I OTC Ornithine transcarbamoylase ASS argininosuccinate synthetase ASL argininosuccinate lyase ARG1 arginase 1 OH OH NH₂
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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![### Urea Cycle Overview
The diagram illustrates the urea cycle, a biochemical pathway essential for removing excess nitrogen in the form of urea. The cycle primarily occurs in the liver and involves several key substances and enzymes.
#### Key Substances and Enzymes:
1. **1 - Ornithine**
2. **2 - Carbamoyl Phosphate**
3. **3 - L-Citrulline**
4. **4 - Argininosuccinate**
5. **5 - Fumarate**
6. **6 - L-Arginine**
7. **7 - Urea**
#### Enzymes Involved:
- **CPS-1 (Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I)**
- **OTC (Ornithine Transcarbamylase)**
- **ASS (Argininosuccinate Synthetase)**
- **ASL (Argininosuccinate Lyase)**
- **ARG1 (Arginase 1)**
### Step-by-Step Pathway:
1. **CPS-1** catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from 2 ATP, bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and NH₃.
2. **OTC** converts carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine into citrulline, which then exits the mitochondrion.
3. **ASS** catalyzes the reaction between citrulline and aspartate to produce argininosuccinate, using ATP in the process.
4. **ASL** converts argininosuccinate to arginine and fumarate.
5. **ARG1** hydrolyzes arginine to produce urea and ornithine. The urea is excreted, and ornithine is recycled back into the mitochondrion to participate in another cycle.
### Structural Representation of Urea:
The urea molecule depicted at the end is:
\[ \text{O}
|
\text{H}_{2}\text{N}-\text{C}-\text{NH}_{2}
\]
### Quiz Question:
**Which of the following is a carbon input to this pathway? (Numbers refer to the above key)**
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- **None of these is a carbon input**
In this case, the correct answer is **2** (Carbamoyl](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc08d6af7-fbba-4448-85d9-3da4789e069c%2Fbf7cfc30-55f9-4016-a7a2-b20d1194f1b7%2Fb18043n_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Urea Cycle Overview
The diagram illustrates the urea cycle, a biochemical pathway essential for removing excess nitrogen in the form of urea. The cycle primarily occurs in the liver and involves several key substances and enzymes.
#### Key Substances and Enzymes:
1. **1 - Ornithine**
2. **2 - Carbamoyl Phosphate**
3. **3 - L-Citrulline**
4. **4 - Argininosuccinate**
5. **5 - Fumarate**
6. **6 - L-Arginine**
7. **7 - Urea**
#### Enzymes Involved:
- **CPS-1 (Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I)**
- **OTC (Ornithine Transcarbamylase)**
- **ASS (Argininosuccinate Synthetase)**
- **ASL (Argininosuccinate Lyase)**
- **ARG1 (Arginase 1)**
### Step-by-Step Pathway:
1. **CPS-1** catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from 2 ATP, bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and NH₃.
2. **OTC** converts carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine into citrulline, which then exits the mitochondrion.
3. **ASS** catalyzes the reaction between citrulline and aspartate to produce argininosuccinate, using ATP in the process.
4. **ASL** converts argininosuccinate to arginine and fumarate.
5. **ARG1** hydrolyzes arginine to produce urea and ornithine. The urea is excreted, and ornithine is recycled back into the mitochondrion to participate in another cycle.
### Structural Representation of Urea:
The urea molecule depicted at the end is:
\[ \text{O}
|
\text{H}_{2}\text{N}-\text{C}-\text{NH}_{2}
\]
### Quiz Question:
**Which of the following is a carbon input to this pathway? (Numbers refer to the above key)**
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- **None of these is a carbon input**
In this case, the correct answer is **2** (Carbamoyl
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