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1B. Digitally illustrate the mechanism for the Fischer esterification reaction of butanoic acid and pentanol to form pentyl butanoate.

1B. Digitally illustrate the mechanism for the Fischer esterification reaction of butanoic acid and pentanol to form pentyl butanoate.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**1B. Digitally illustrate the mechanism for the Fischer esterification reaction of butanoic acid and pentanol to form pentyl butanoate.** --- **Description:** The task requires the digital illustration of the chemical mechanism involved in the Fischer esterification reaction. This process involves the reaction between butanoic acid and pentanol to produce pentyl butanoate. **Chemical Equation:** Butanoic acid (C₃H₇COOH) + Pentanol (C₅H₁₁OH) → Pentyl butanoate (C₇H₁₅COO-C₅H₁₁) + Water (H₂O) **Mechanism Outline:** 1. **Protonation of Butanoic Acid:** - The acid catalyst (usually H₂SO₄) protonates the carbonyl oxygen of butanoic acid, making it more electrophilic. 2. **Nucleophilic Attack by Pentanol:** - The nucleophile (pentanol) attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. 3. **Formation of the Tetrahedral Intermediate:** - This reaction forms a tetrahedral intermediate. 4. **Dehydration:** - A molecule of water is eliminated from the intermediate, resulting in the formation of pentyl butanoate. 5. **Deprotonation:** - The removal of a proton (H⁺) finalizes the ester product. **Graphical Representation:** - Include structures of butanoic acid, pentanol, and the respective transition states. - Show arrows indicating electron movement during each step. - Indicate the protonation and deprotonation events. - Clearly label the reactants, intermediate, and final ester product. This detailed illustration will aid in the understanding of the Fischer esterification mechanism and its application in organic synthesis.
Transcribed Image Text:**1B. Digitally illustrate the mechanism for the Fischer esterification reaction of butanoic acid and pentanol to form pentyl butanoate.** --- **Description:** The task requires the digital illustration of the chemical mechanism involved in the Fischer esterification reaction. This process involves the reaction between butanoic acid and pentanol to produce pentyl butanoate. **Chemical Equation:** Butanoic acid (C₃H₇COOH) + Pentanol (C₅H₁₁OH) → Pentyl butanoate (C₇H₁₅COO-C₅H₁₁) + Water (H₂O) **Mechanism Outline:** 1. **Protonation of Butanoic Acid:** - The acid catalyst (usually H₂SO₄) protonates the carbonyl oxygen of butanoic acid, making it more electrophilic. 2. **Nucleophilic Attack by Pentanol:** - The nucleophile (pentanol) attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. 3. **Formation of the Tetrahedral Intermediate:** - This reaction forms a tetrahedral intermediate. 4. **Dehydration:** - A molecule of water is eliminated from the intermediate, resulting in the formation of pentyl butanoate. 5. **Deprotonation:** - The removal of a proton (H⁺) finalizes the ester product. **Graphical Representation:** - Include structures of butanoic acid, pentanol, and the respective transition states. - Show arrows indicating electron movement during each step. - Indicate the protonation and deprotonation events. - Clearly label the reactants, intermediate, and final ester product. This detailed illustration will aid in the understanding of the Fischer esterification mechanism and its application in organic synthesis.
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