1a: Write the overall reaction for our esterification reaction, and its mechanism.1b: Using the “rule of six”, predict the solubilities in water of benzoic acid, methanol, andmethyl benzoate.1c: If the 4.0 g of benzoic acid used in this reaction is limiting, what mass of methyl benzoateis predicted to be formed if you achieve 100% yield? Show your calculation ProcedureSet up a ring stand near a water faucet with two clamps (the two prong type works best) and aheating mantle. The heating mantle should be screwed onto the ring stand at the base. Next,clamp a reflux condenser into the clamps and attach it to the ring stand above the heating mantle.Attach reflux tubing to the water inlet and outlet nozzles with water flowing in through the1 of 2bottom and out through the top. Begin the water flow through the condenser slowly. Add a smallamount of Vaseline to the bottom of the reflux condenser's ground glass joint to prevent seizing.Add 4 g of benzoic acid to a 50 mL round bottom flask with 19/22 joints from your Chem Kit.To the flask, add 4 mL of methanol along with a boiling chip. Next, slowly add 1 mL ofconcentrated sulfuric acid to the 50 mL round bottom flask containing the benzoic acid and themethanol. Place the penny head stopper in the neck of the flask and return to your bench.Remove the stopper from the 50 mL round bottom flask and attach it to the bottom of the refluxcondenser. Lower the reflux apparatus into the heating mantle and set the heating mantle to 6.Heat the mixture for half an hour, watching carefully to prevent the mixture from boiling toovigorously as this will cause the loss of the alcohol through the top of the condenser. Remove the stopper from the 50 mL round bottom flask and attach it to the bottom of the refluxcondenser. Lower the reflux apparatus into the heating mantle and set the heating mantle to 6.Heat the mixture for half an hour, watching carefully to prevent the mixture from boiling toovigorously as this will cause the loss of the alcohol through the top of the condenser.After the reaction has refluxed for one hour, turn off the heating mantle and allow the reactionmixture to cool. Retrieve the 125 mL separatory funnel from your Chem Kit. Obtain a ring foryour ring stand and screw it into place allowing enough room to accommodate the separatoryfunnel with a 150 mL beaker beneath it. Add the cooled contents of the 50 mL round bottomflask to the separatory funnel using a Pasteur pipet. Obtain 20 mL of 10% sodium bicarbonatesolution. Slowly add the 10% sodium bicarbonate solution to the separatory funnel using aPasteur pipet. Gently swirl the separatory funnel without the stopper until the bubbling begins toslow. Stopper the funnel and invert several times with frequent venting to prevent pressure buildup. Allow the layers to separate and then add 20 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution to theseparatory funnel. Repeat the inverting and venting procedure. Slowly drain the bottom layerinto a waste beaker and set it aside. Add another 20mL of the saturated sodium chloride solutionto the separatory funnel stopper and invert several times. Allow the layers to separate and slowlydrain the bottom layer into the waste beaker. Let the top layer stand in the separatory funnel.Set up a distillation apparatus as demonstrated at the front of the lab using the 50 mL roundbottom flask as the boiling flask and a 25 mL round bottom flask as the collection flask. Usecaution when inserting the thermometer into the thermometer adapter. Add the remaining liquidin the separatory funnel to the distillation flask, turn on the water to the condenser and set theheating mantle to 9. Small quantities of water may still be present but this will not affect theoutcome of your experiment. Boil the contents until product (methyl benzoate) begins to dripinto the collection flask. When half of the contents have distilled into the collection flask, readthe temperature on the thermometer this is the boiling point of methyl benzoate. Distill as muchof the liquid from the distillation flask as possible without scorching the contents. Place yourester into a labeled vial and wait for further instruction.Allow your distillation apparatus to cool before disassembling. Rinse the contents of thedistillation flask out with water and acetone and then wash with hot soapy water rinsing withDI water when finished.We will analyze by IR spectroscopy. Using the web resource, retrieve the IR spectrum formethyl benzoate, and have it ready to compare with your experimental spectrum.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/5437f5ab-4e37-4ac3-b770-bc66a4eea092.jpg

Answered: 1a: Write the overall reaction for our…

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...