19. Road Patrol. In the paper “Injuries and Risk Factors in a100-Mile (161-km) Infantry Road March" (Preventative Medicine,Vol. 28, pp. 167–173), K. Reynolds et al. reported on a study com-missioned by the U.S. Army. The purpose of the study was to im-prove medical planning and identify risk factors during multiple-dayroad patrols by examining the acute effects of long-distance marchesby light-infantry soldiers. Each soldier carried a standard U.S. Armyrucksack, Meal-Ready-to-Eat packages, and other field equipment.A sample of 10 participating soldiers revealed the following data ontotal load mass, in kilograms.48 50 45494447 37544043a. Obtain the sample mean of these 10 load masses.b. Obtain the range of the load masses.c. Obtain the sample standard deviation of the load masses.

a) The mean is calculated as follows:

Answered: 19. Road Patrol. In the paper “Injuries…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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3. Researchers Regine Dilla and associates wanted to determine whether consumption of cola is associated with lower bone mineral density. They looked at 1125 men and 1413 women in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study, which is a cohort that began in 1971. The first examination in this study began between 1971 and 1975, with participants returning for an examination every 4 years. Based on results of questionnaires, the researchers were able to determine cola consumption on a weekly basis. Analysis of the results indicated that women who consumed at least one cola per day (on average) had a bone mineral density that was significantly lower at the femoral neck than those who consumed less than one cola per day. The researchers did not find this relation in men. (a)Why is this a cohort study? (b)What is the response variable in this study? What is the explanatory variable? (c)Is the response variable qualitative or quantitative?
2. An article in the journal Applied Nutritional Investigation reported the results of a comparison of two different weight-loss programs (Liao, 2007). In the study, obese participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups and the percent of body fat loss was recorded. The soy group, a low-calorie group that ate only soy-based proteins (M= 3.1, s=0.55), while the traditional group, a low-calorie group that received 2/3 of their protein from animal products and 1/3 from plant products (M= 1.9, s=0.45). If sm1-M2 = 0.24, s²pooled = 0.25, n1 = 8, n2 = 10 is there a difference between the two diets. Use alpha of .05 and a two-tailed test to complete the 4 steps of hypothesis testing.
4. A pharmaceutical company wants to test whether the incidence of side effects (i.e. adverse events)differs between the treatment and placebo groups at theα= 0.05. Letp1= the proportion of subjects in the treatment groups who experienced at least one adverse event and letp2= the proportion of subjects in the placebo group who experience at least one adverse event. 8 out of 30 people in the treatment group experienced at least one adverse event and 5 out of 30 people in the placebo group experienced at least one adverse event. (a) Set up the null and alternative hypothesis (using mathematical notation/numbers AND interpret them in the context of the problem) (b) Calculate the test statistic (c) Calculate the critical value (d) Draw a picture of the distribution of the test statistic under H0. Label and provide values for the critical value and the test statistic, and shade the critical region. (e) Make and justify a statistical decision at theα= 0.05 level and state your conclusions in…
Describe as specifically as possible the following for this study: 1.Observational Unit 2.Experimental Unit 3.Variables - Specify which are quantitative and which are categorical and furtherclassify each as Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio. Specify which are explanatoryand which are response variables.
Section 6.3: Hypothesis Test of Differences in Proportions Example 4. Autism and Maternal Antidepressant Use A recent study41 compared 298 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to 1507 randomly selected control children without the disorder. Of the children with autism, 20 of the mothers had used antidepressant drugs during the year before pregnancy or the first trimester of pregnancy. Of the control children, 50 of the mothers had used the drugs. (a) Is there a significant association between prenatal exposure to antidepressant medicine and the risk of autism? Test whether the results are significant at the 5% level. (b) Can we conclude that prenatal exposure to antidepressant medicine increases the risk of autism in the child? Why or why not?
4
Philosophical and health issues are prompting an increasing number of Taiwanese to switch to a vegetarian lifestyle. A study published in the Journal of Nutrition compared the daily intake of nutrients by vegetarians and omnivores living in Taiwan. Among the nutrients considered was protein. Too little protein stunts growth and interferes with all bodily functions; too much protein puts a strain on the kidneys, can cause diarrhea and dehydration, and can leach calcium from bones and teeth. Independent random samples of 51 female vegetarians and 53 female omnivores yielded the following summary statistics, in grams, on daily protein intake. Vegetarians: X₁ = 39.04, s₁ = 18.82, n₁ = 51 Omnivores: X₂ = 49.92, S₂: 18.97, n₂ = 53 a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean daily protein intakes of female vegetarians and female omnivores differ? Perform the required hypothesis test at the 1% significance level. Assume equality of variances. b. Determine a 99%…
9.1 A General Social Survey asked: "Do you support or oppose the following measures to deal with AlIDS? (1) Have the government pay all of the health care costs of AIDS patients; (2) Develop a government information program to promote safe sex practices, such as the use of condoms." Table 9.16 summarizes opinions about health care costs (H) and the information program (), classified also by the respondent's gender (G). Fit loglinear models (GH, GI), (GH, HI), (GI, HI), and (GH, GI, HI). Show that models that lack the HI term fit poorly. Interpret results for the model (GH, GI, HI). Table 9.16 Data for Exercise 9.1 on Measures for Dealing with AIDS Health Opinion Information Gender Opinion Support Oppose Male 160 Support Oppose Support Oppose 76 25 181 48 Female 14 11
5. A psychologist at a private psychiatric hospital was asked to determine whether there was any clear difference in the length of stay of patients with different categories of diagnosis. Looking at the last four patients in each of the three major categories, the results (in terms of weeks of stay) were as follows: Diagnosis Category Cognitive Disorders 12, Affective Disorders Drug-Related Conditions 7. 8. 6. 8. 10 5. 6. 12 11 10 Mı=6 M2 = 10 M3 = 10 %3D %3D SS, = 2 SS2 = 10 SS2 = 8 SSBetween= 42.67 a. What test are you going to perform? b. List the hypotheses c. List the decision rule d. Perform the ANOVA e. Complete the ANOVA table Source SS df MS Between Within Total f. Report your ANOVA result in APA format.
Penicillin Yields. In Statistics for Experimenters (New York, NY: John Wiley &Sons, Inc., 1978),G. Box, W. Hunter, and J. Hunter describe an experiment to determine the effect on yield of four variants of a process for producing penicillin. A basic material in the production process, corn steep liquor, was known to be quite variable. Five blends of corn steep liquor were obtained, and each blend was divided into four equal parts. The four process variants were randomly assigned to the four parts in each blend. The penicillin yields are given in the following table.
1. Pg 221 Good for the gut? Is fish good for the gut? Researchers tracked 22,000 male physicians for 22 years. Those who reported eating seafood of any kind at least 5 times per week had a 40% lower risk of colon cancer than those who said they ate seafood less than once a week. Based on this study, is it reasonable to conclude that eating seafood causes a reduction in the risk of colon cancer? Explain.44
4. (a) A study looked into the views of workers towards a government policy of school closures in order to reduce coronavirus transmission. 300 participants from three sectors (hospitality, banking and construction) were interviewed and their responses were classified into three categories, namely positive, neutral and negative. The data are shown below. View Towards School Closure Positive Neutral Negative Total Hospitality Banking Construction 35 25 40 100 28 47 25 100 38 22 40 100 Total 101 94 105 300 i. Based on the data in the table, and without conducting a significance test, describe the differences of views across the different sectors. ii. Calculate the x? statistic and use it to test for independence, using a 5% significance level. What do you conclude? (b) i. Describe what selection bias is and when it may occur. Give an example. ii. You have been asked to design a nationwide survey in your country to find out about working conditions among employees in the postal offices.…

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