18 Students were provided with cubes of slightly alkaline gelatine of different dimensions, containing an acid-alkali indicator that is red in alkali but yellow in acid. The cubes were placed in dilute acid solution, and the time taken for the colour in the gelatine to change from red to yellow was measured. Dimensions/mm Surface area/mm² Volume/mm³ Time/minutes 10 x 10 x 10 600.0 1000.0 12.0 5x 5 x5 150.0 125.0 4.5 4x 4 x4 96.0 64.0 4.2 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 a For each block, calculate the ratio of surface area to volume (SA:V). b Plot a graph of the time taken for the colour change (vertical or y axis) against the SA:V ratio (horizontal or x axis). c Explain why the colour changes more quickly in some blocks than others. 37.5 15.6 4.0

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.