17 . A 40.0 L weather balloon is filled with air at sea level where the pressure is 1.0 atm and 15 °C. What will be the volume of the weather balloon, in L, at 6000 feet elevation where the pressure is 1.239 atm and 4.0 oC? 18. An empty 2.00 L soda bottle is filled with 31.89 grams of gaseous CO2. Calculate the temperature, in oC, at which the bottle will explode if the maximum pressure the bottle can hold is about 10.2 atm. 19. A flask of volume 3.21 L contains a sample of chlorine gas, Cl2, with a pressure of 198 Torr at 25.7 °C. What mass of sodium is required to completely react with the chlorine gas to make sodium chloride? Assume the reaction goes to completion and there is no limiting reagent. Hint: calculate the moles of Cl2 gas in the flask first. (Do not put units in answer) 2 Na (s) + Cl2 (g) --> 2 NaCl (s)
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
17 . A 40.0 L weather balloon is filled with air at sea level where the pressure is 1.0 atm and 15 °C. What will be the volume of the weather balloon, in L, at 6000 feet elevation where the pressure is 1.239 atm and 4.0 oC?
18. An empty 2.00 L soda bottle is filled with 31.89 grams of gaseous CO2. Calculate the temperature, in oC, at which the bottle will explode if the maximum pressure the bottle can hold is about 10.2 atm.
19.
A flask of volume 3.21 L contains a sample of chlorine gas, Cl2, with a pressure of 198 Torr at 25.7 °C. What mass of sodium is required to completely react with the chlorine gas to make sodium chloride? Assume the reaction goes to completion and there is no limiting reagent. Hint: calculate the moles of Cl2 gas in the flask first. (Do not put units in answer)
2 Na (s) + Cl2 (g) --> 2 NaCl (s)
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