1. A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 9.60 L at 49.0°C and 0.620 atm. If it is desired to increase the volume of the gas sample to 11.9 L, while increasing its pressure to 0.805 atm, the temperature of the gas sample at the new volume and pressure must be ____ °C. 2. A sample of xenon gas occupies a volume of 8.07 L at 66.0°C and 381 torr. If the volume of the gas sample is decreased to 6.86 L, while its temperature is decreased to –1.0°C, the resulting gas pressure will be ___ torr. 3. A helium-filled weather balloon has a volume of 681 L at 23.9°C and 754 mmHg. It is released and rises to an altitude of 6.81 km, where the pressure is 384 mmHg and the temperature is –22.1°C. The volume of the balloon at this altitude is ___ L.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
1. A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 9.60 L at 49.0°C and 0.620 atm.
If it is desired to increase the volume of the gas sample to 11.9 L, while increasing its pressure to 0.805 atm, the temperature of the gas sample at the new volume and pressure must be ____ °C.
2. A sample of xenon gas occupies a volume of 8.07 L at 66.0°C and 381 torr.
If the volume of the gas sample is decreased to 6.86 L, while its temperature is decreased to –1.0°C, the resulting gas pressure will be ___ torr.
3. A helium-filled weather balloon has a volume of 681 L at 23.9°C and 754 mmHg. It is released and rises to an altitude of 6.81 km, where the pressure is 384 mmHg and the temperature is –22.1°C.
The volume of the balloon at this altitude is ___ L.
4. An iron nail rusts when exposed to oxygen. According to the following reaction, how many grams of iron(III) oxide will be formed upon the complete reaction of 30.2 grams of oxygen gas with excess iron?
iron (s) + oxygen (g) iron(III) oxide (s)
____ grams iron(III) oxide
5. According to the following reaction, how many grams of nitrogen gas will be formed upon the complete reaction of 22.4 grams of ammonium nitrite?
ammonium nitrite (aq) nitrogen (g) + water (l)
_____ grams nitrogen gas
6. According to the following reaction, how many grams of mercury(II) oxide are needed to form 25.6 grams of oxygen gas?
mercury(II) oxide (s) mercury (l) + oxygen (g)
_____ grams mercury(II) oxide
7. A list of the calorie content of foods indicates that a 10 oz chocolate thick shake contains 349 Calories. Express this value in kJ and in J.
The Joule (J) is the SI unit of energy. 1 calorie (cal) = 4.184 J; 1 Calorie (Cal) = 1000 cal = 1 kcal
____ kJ
_____ J
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