Part 3: Disrupting the ETCSeveral conditions or chemicals can eliminate the H* gradient in the mitochondria. Onecondition is cyanide poisoning. Cyanide binds to Complex IV in the electron transport chain(see figure 3 below) and prevents the binding of oxygen. This blocks the flow of electronsthrough the ETC. Cyanide acts like a road block on a highway.Electron transport chainATP synthaseIntermembrane spaceInnermitochondrial-membraneNADHNAD +(H+(H+)Mitochondrial matrixH+(H+FADH₂ FAD(H+)(H+)H+(H+(H+(H+Cyt c(H+OH(H+(H+2 electrons1/2 of2 freehydrogen exiting ETC an O₂ionsH+(H+(H+(H+- H₂0 x2H*(H+)ADP+PO,(H+H+(H+moleculeFigure 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation and ChemiosmosisATPOhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/2508 The Electron Transport Chain.jpgOpenStax College, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons13. If electrons are not flowing through the electron transport chain, how will the protonconcentration in the intermembrane space and the matrix be affected?14. Will a mitochondrion affected by cyanide, be in an active or inactive state? Based on yourcalculations of pH in Part 2, what do you expect the pH in the matrix and theintermembrane space of a mitochondrion affected by cyanide to be?Sketch your answer in the graph below by adding appropriate bars over "Cyanide".5

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Biochemistry

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Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

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H 20. 1 0 Type here to search Required In this situation, where the solute is illustrated by red dots, predict if water will move into or out of the cell, and how that will affect the cell. O O O O Outside Cell Cell Solute Water will move into the cell and the cell will expand. Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink. Water will move into the cell and the cell will shrink. Water will move out of the cell and the cell will expand. DELL 540) 9/15/2
86. transport of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane requires the input of energy from transport of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane does not require the cell, whereas the use of cellular energy.
2.) Suggest a reason why inorganic ions, such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, do not cross biological membranes by simple diffusion.
Changes in temperature affect membrane properties. Howwould you expect the lipid composition of thermophilemembranes to differ from those of prokaryotes that live atmore normal temperatures?
5
Energy stored in a proton gradient of about 1 unit of pH theoretically is enough to make approximately who many moles of ATP from ADP and phosphate? 1. 1-2 2. 0, more energy is needed 3. 6-7 4. 20-30
Diatomic oxygen (O2) exhibits which of the following membrane transport movements? A. it is not able to cross the membrane by passive transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is not able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is able to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion, because it is small, polar, and organic it is able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, nonpolar, and organic it is able cross the membrane by simple diffusion, because it is small, nonpolar, and inorganic
If a liver cell with a concentration of 4% glycogen was submerged into a solution with 8% glucose, water would move: O from the liver cell to the outside solution via diffusion O from the solution to inside the liver cell via active transport O from the liver cell to the outside solution via endocytosis O from the solution to inside the liver cell via metabolism O from the liver cell to the outside environment via osmosis
6) Pore-forming toxins are a class of protein-based toxic polymers that result in the formation of large multi-protein channels that allow the free flow of substrates and liquid in and out of a cell or organelle. Research shows that these can attach to the outer mitochondrial membrane, or on the thylakoid membranes Hollyal of chloroplasts. Meman Extracelular binding space Proteiniciati Inactive soluble T obare Lipid Activation Active P Assembly Membrane tion Pelit K Partially formed pome Nunta Inson Large molecule A Protein What would the possible consequences be if this pore-forming toxin attached to the mitochondrial outer membrane or the thylakoid membrane? Explain why. ATP Nature Reviews Microbiology
Explain 4 complex within the prodcution of ATP Provide examples.
15. Describe the differences between channel-mediated and carrier-mediated transport.
Show Instructions D] Question 1 Which of the following is used as an electron and proton carrier by living organisms? (select all that app O Water O NAD+ OOxygen OUbiquinone O FAD+ Question 2 nilation is important for which two of the following amino acids? (select al

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13. If electrons are not flowing through the electron transport chain, how will the proton in the intermembrane space and the matrix be affected? concentration