Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
Answer all
![### Question 13
**Draw all major resonance contributors of the species below:**
1. **Structure 1:**
- Chemical Formula: C₆H₅CH₃⁻
- Description: A benzene ring with a methyl group attached (CH₃). The negative charge is on the carbon where the methyl group is attached.
2. **Structure 2:**
- Chemical Formula: C₆H₅-CH=CH-CH₂⁺
- Description: A benzene ring with a propyl group attached at the first carbon. The positive charge is on the third carbon of the propyl chain.
3. **Structure 3:**
- Chemical Formula: C₆H₆N⁺(CH₃)
- Description: A pyridine ring with a methyl group attached to the nitrogen atom. The positive charge is on the nitrogen atom.
4. **Structure 4:**
- Chemical Formula: C₆H₅-O⁺
- Description: A benzene ring with a positively charged oxygen atom attached.
5. **Structure 5:**
- Chemical Formula: C₆H₇-O
- Description: A benzene ring with an oxygen atom attached via a single bond. The oxygen has three lone pairs of electrons and a negative charge.
**Diagrams and Graphs Explanation:**
Each structure contains a central aromatic ring (benzene or pyridine) with different substituents that impact the electron distribution of the molecule. The positions of the charges and substituents are crucial in understanding how resonance structures can be drawn to depict the delocalization of electrons within these aromatic systems.
Remember to draw all possible resonance contributors to illustrate how electrons can be delocalized across the molecular framework. This helps in understanding the stability and reactivity of the given species.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1d8ed002-44e1-45d2-a470-631163233c5c%2F77da07e3-0532-48c7-acd6-85f5ffa80d33%2Fjw31e2g_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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