12.What product(s) would you expect from sulfonation of the following compounds?(a) Nitrobenzene(d) Benzoic acid(b) Bromobenzene(e) Benzonitrile(c) Toluene13.What aromatic products would you expect to obtain from oxidation of the follow-ing substances with KMNO4?(a) CI.CH2CH3(Б)Tetralin14.Propose syntheses of the following substances starting from benzene:(a)(b)NO2*CH3H3C

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12. What product(s) would you expect from sulfonation of the following compounds? (a) Nitrobenzene (d) Benzoic acid (b) Bromobenzene (e) Benzonitrile (c) Toluene

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Concept explainers

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic organic compound or aromatic system is an important class of hydrocarbons under the branch of organic chemistry. Aromatic compounds are also called arenas. The definition of aromatic organic compounds can be stated as a class of organic compounds with a planar cyclic ring of atoms bonded through alternated single and double bonds. Due to these alternating bonds, a peculiar feature termed as ‘resonance’, that is, delocalization of pi electrons or the electrons is shared within the atoms of the ring which are present in the aromatic compounds. The word ‘aromatic’ includes a Greek word ‘aroma’ which means smell, indicating that they were named as such due to the sweet odor they produce. Many well-known flavors such as vanilla, cinnamon, and few scents from flowers are extracted from aromatic compounds. Benzene with chemical formula C6H6 is a very common aromatic compound that contains six atoms of carbon held in the cyclic ring of alternate double bonds. It is also to be noted that not all aromatic compounds contain benzene ring. This can be explained by Huckel’s rule.

Question

12.
What product(s) would you expect from sulfonation of the following compounds?
(a) Nitrobenzene
(d) Benzoic acid
(b) Bromobenzene
(e) Benzonitrile
(c) Toluene
13.
What aromatic products would you expect to obtain from oxidation of the follow-
ing substances with KMNO4?
(a) CI.
CH2CH3
(Б)
Tetralin
14.
Propose syntheses of the following substances starting from benzene:
(a)
(b)
NO2
*CH3
H3C

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Compelling evidence for the existence of a tetrahedral intermediate innucleophilic acyl substitution was obtained in a series of elegantexperiments carried out by Myron Bender in 1951. The key experimentwas the reaction of aqueous −OH with ethyl benzoate (C6H5COOCH2CH3)labeled at the carbonyl oxygen with 18O. Bender did not allow thehydrolysis to go to completion, and then examined the presence of alabel in the recovered starting material. He found that some of therecovered ethyl benzoate no longer contained a label at the carbonyloxygen. With reference to the accepted mechanism of nucleophilic acyl substitution, explain how this provides evidence for a tetrahedralintermediate.
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