12. How do bacteria move around? What is chemotaxis? Phototaxis? What are bacterial H-antigens? Can flagella be arranged in different ways on different bacterial species? Is the bacterial flagellum constructed the same way as the eukaryotic flagellum or are they completely different tуpes of structures?

12. How do bacteria move around? What is chemotaxis? Phototaxis? What are bacterial H-antigens? Can flagella be arranged in different ways on different bacterial species? Is the bacterial flagellum constructed the same way as the eukaryotic flagellum or are they completely different tуpes of structures?

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337512442

Author:RICE

Publisher:RICE

Chapter15: Antibiotic Agents

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19RQ

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Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.

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12. How do bacteria move around? What is chemotaxis? Phototaxis? What are
bacterial H-antigens? Can flagella be arranged in different ways on different bacterial
species? Is the bacterial flagellum constructed the same way as the eukaryotic
flagellum or are they completely different types of structures?
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HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Before blending what percentage of each isotope. 35S and 32P, was extracellular (outside the bacteria)?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. After 4 minutes in the blender, what percentage of each isotope was extracellular?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. How did the researchers know that the radioisotopes in the fluid came from outside of the bacterial cells and not from bacteria that had been broken apart by whirling in the blender?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. The extracellular concentration of which isotope increased the most with blending?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Do these results imply that viruses inject DNA or protein into bacteria? Why or why not?
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