112. Consider the following ionization energies for aluminum.Al(g) → Alt(g) + eAl* (g) → Al²(g) + eAl²(g) → Al³+(g) + e*Al³+ (g) → AI4+(g) + e*1₁ = 580 kJ/mol1₂ = 1815 kJ/mol13 = 2740 kJ/mol14 = 11600 kJ/molAccount for the increasing trend in the values of the ionizationenergies.b. Explain the large increase between 13 and 14.C. Which one of the four ions has the greatest electron affinity? Explain.d. List the four aluminum ions given in the preceding reactions in orderof increasing size, and explain your ordering. (Hint: Remember thatmost of the size of an atom or ion is due to its electrons.)

Answer: Energy required to remove a most loosely bounded electron from an isolated gaseous atom is…

112. Consider the following ionization energies for aluminum. Al(g) → Alt(g) + e Alt(g) → Al²(g) + e Al²(g) → Al³+(g) + e 1₁ = 580 kJ/mol 12 = 1815 kJ/mol 13 = 2740 kJ/mol Al³+ (g) → Al4+(g) + e* 14 11600 kJ/mol a. Account for the increasing trend in the values of the ionization energies. Explain the large increase between 13 and 14. Which one of the four ions has the greatest electron affinity? Explain. List the four aluminum ions given in the preceding reactions in order of increasing size, and explain your ordering. (Hint: Remember that most of the size of an atom or ion is due to its electrons.) b. C. d.

112. Consider the following ionization energies for aluminum. Al(g) → Alt(g) + e Alt(g) → Al²(g) + e Al²(g) → Al³+(g) + e 1₁ = 580 kJ/mol 12 = 1815 kJ/mol 13 = 2740 kJ/mol Al³+ (g) → Al4+(g) + e* 14 11600 kJ/mol a. Account for the increasing trend in the values of the ionization energies. Explain the large increase between 13 and 14. Which one of the four ions has the greatest electron affinity? Explain. List the four aluminum ions given in the preceding reactions in order of increasing size, and explain your ordering. (Hint: Remember that most of the size of an atom or ion is due to its electrons.) b. C. d.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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