**Problem 4: Sodium in a Body-Centered Cubic Crystal**Sodium forms a body-centered cubic crystal. Calculate the density of sodium metal. Propose a simple experiment to confirm your calculated density of sodium in the lab. *Note: Use the table of radii below!*---**Explanation for Educational Use**This exercise involves understanding the arrangement of atoms in solid sodium and calculating its density. Sodium forms a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure, where one atom is at each corner of a cube and one atom is at the center. The problem requires the calculation of density using this geometric arrangement and suggests designing an experiment to verify this calculation in a laboratory setting. A table of radii is referenced for use in calculations, though it is not shown here. Here is the transcribed table of atomic and ionic radii:**Atomic and Ionic Radii**| Atom | Atomic Radius (pm) | Ionic Radius (pm) ||------|--------------------|-------------------|| Na | 186 | 95.0 || Se | 117 | 191 (Se²⁻) || Cs | 265 | 169 || Cl | 99.0 | 181 || Br | 114 | 196 || Zn | 135 | 74.0 || Tl | 170 | 147 (Tl⁺) || K | 227 | 133 || S | 104 | 184 || I | 133 | 220 |**Explanation:**The table provides a comparison between the atomic radius and the ionic radius (in picometers, pm) for several elements. The atomic radius is the size of an atom, while the ionic radius represents the size of the atom's ion. Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons, affecting their radii. For example, the radius of selenium (Se) expands from 117 pm to 191 pm when it becomes an ion (Se²⁻) due to electron gain.

In a body centered cubic crystal: Body diagonal=4r where r is atomic radius of atom Density=ZMa3NA…

4. Sodium forms a body centered cubic crystal. Calculate the density of sodium metal. Propose a simple experiment to confirm your calculated density of sodium in the lab. (Note: use the table of radii below!)

4. Sodium forms a body centered cubic crystal. Calculate the density of sodium metal. Propose a simple experiment to confirm your calculated density of sodium in the lab. (Note: use the table of radii below!)

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

**Problem 4: Sodium in a Body-Centered Cubic Crystal**

Sodium forms a body-centered cubic crystal. Calculate the density of sodium metal. Propose a simple experiment to confirm your calculated density of sodium in the lab.

*Note: Use the table of radii below!*

---

**Explanation for Educational Use**

This exercise involves understanding the arrangement of atoms in solid sodium and calculating its density. Sodium forms a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure, where one atom is at each corner of a cube and one atom is at the center. The problem requires the calculation of density using this geometric arrangement and suggests designing an experiment to verify this calculation in a laboratory setting. A table of radii is referenced for use in calculations, though it is not shown here.

Here is the transcribed table of atomic and ionic radii:

**Atomic and Ionic Radii**

| Atom | Atomic Radius (pm) | Ionic Radius (pm) |
|------|--------------------|-------------------|
| Na | 186 | 95.0 |
| Se | 117 | 191 (Se²⁻) |
| Cs | 265 | 169 |
| Cl | 99.0 | 181 |
| Br | 114 | 196 |
| Zn | 135 | 74.0 |
| Tl | 170 | 147 (Tl⁺) |
| K | 227 | 133 |
| S | 104 | 184 |
| I | 133 | 220 |

**Explanation:**

The table provides a comparison between the atomic radius and the ionic radius (in picometers, pm) for several elements. The atomic radius is the size of an atom, while the ionic radius represents the size of the atom's ion. Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons, affecting their radii. For example, the radius of selenium (Se) expands from 117 pm to 191 pm when it becomes an ion (Se²⁻) due to electron gain.

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