11.12 In jimsonweed, purple flower (P) is dominant to white (p) and spiny pods (S) are dominant to smooth (s). _——_— A true-breeding plant with white flowers and spiny pods is crossed to a true-breeding plant with purple flowers and smooth pods. Determine the phenotype of a. the F₁ generation; b. the F₂ generation; C. the progeny of a cross of the F₁s back to the white, spiny parent; and d. the progeny of a cross of the F₁ back to the purple, smooth parent.
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Introduction
Dominant and recessive are terms used to describe the relationship between two alleles, or variations, of a gene. The dominant allele will mask or hide the expression of the recessive allele when they are present together in an organism. This means that if an organism has at least one dominant allele, the dominant trait associated with that allele will be expressed.
Recessive alleles only express their associated traits if there are two copies present in the organism, as in the case of homozygosity. If an organism has a dominant allele and a recessive allele for a certain trait, the dominant allele will express its associated trait and the recessive allele will not be expressed.
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