11. Read the article below about the Chiral Drugs Carefully: medically speaking Chiral Drugs Thousands of drugs are marketed throughout the world. The origins of these drugs fall into three categories: Ibuprofen is an analgesic (painkiller) with anti-inflammatory properties. The S enantiomer is the active agent, while the R enantiomer is inactive. Nevertheless, ibuprofen is sold as a mixture of both enantiomers (under the trade names Advil and Motrin), because the benefit of separating the enantiomers is not clear. In fact, there is evidence that the human body is capable of slowly converting the R enantiomer into the desired S enantiomer. Many synthetic drugs are sold as a mixture of enantiomers, because of the high cost and difficulty associated with separating enantiomers. In many cases, enantiomers can trigger entirely different physiological responses. For example, consider the enantiomers of Timolol: 1. natural products-compounds isolated from natural sources, such as plants or bacteria, 2. natural products that have been chemically modified in the laboratory, or 3. synthetic compounds (made entirely in the laboratory). Most drugs obtained from natural sources consist of a single enantiomer. It is important to realize that a pair of enantiomers will rarely exhibit the same potency. We have seen in previous chapters that drug action is usually the result of drug-receptor binding. If the drug binds to the receptor in at least three places (called three-point binding), then one enantiomer of the drug may be more capable of binding with the receptor: OH OH (S)-Timolol (R)-Timolol CO CO2 H The S enantiomer treats angina and high blood pressure, while the R enantiomer is useful in treating glaucoma. In this +NH, +NH
11. Read the article below about the Chiral Drugs Carefully: medically speaking Chiral Drugs Thousands of drugs are marketed throughout the world. The origins of these drugs fall into three categories: Ibuprofen is an analgesic (painkiller) with anti-inflammatory properties. The S enantiomer is the active agent, while the R enantiomer is inactive. Nevertheless, ibuprofen is sold as a mixture of both enantiomers (under the trade names Advil and Motrin), because the benefit of separating the enantiomers is not clear. In fact, there is evidence that the human body is capable of slowly converting the R enantiomer into the desired S enantiomer. Many synthetic drugs are sold as a mixture of enantiomers, because of the high cost and difficulty associated with separating enantiomers. In many cases, enantiomers can trigger entirely different physiological responses. For example, consider the enantiomers of Timolol: 1. natural products-compounds isolated from natural sources, such as plants or bacteria, 2. natural products that have been chemically modified in the laboratory, or 3. synthetic compounds (made entirely in the laboratory). Most drugs obtained from natural sources consist of a single enantiomer. It is important to realize that a pair of enantiomers will rarely exhibit the same potency. We have seen in previous chapters that drug action is usually the result of drug-receptor binding. If the drug binds to the receptor in at least three places (called three-point binding), then one enantiomer of the drug may be more capable of binding with the receptor: OH OH (S)-Timolol (R)-Timolol CO CO2 H The S enantiomer treats angina and high blood pressure, while the R enantiomer is useful in treating glaucoma. In this +NH, +NH
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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