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11. Consider the equation W = F(cos Ad. (a) Using the equation, explain why a force perpendicular to the displacement does zero work. (b) Using the equation, explain why a force opposite to the displacement does negative work.

11. Consider the equation W = F(cos Ad. (a) Using the equation, explain why a force perpendicular to the displacement does zero work. (b) Using the equation, explain why a force opposite to the displacement does negative work.

College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...
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5.1 Questions 1. A 25.0 N applied force acts on a cart in the direction of the motion. The cart moves 13.0 m. How much work is done by the applied force? ™ 2. A tow truck pulls a car from rest onto a level road. The tow truck exerts a horizontal force of 1500 N on the car. The frictional force on the car is 810 N. Calculate the work done by each of the following forces on the car as the car moves forward 12 m: ™ (a) the force of the tow truck on the car (b) the force of friction (c) the normal force (d) the force of gravity 3. A child pulls a wagon by the handle along a flat sidewalk. She exerts a force of 80.0 N at an angle of 30.0° above the horizontal while she moves the wagon 12 m forward. The force of friction on the wagon is 34 N. ™ (a) Calculate the mechanical work done by the child on the wagon. (b) Calculate the total work done on the wagon. 4. A horizontal rope is used to pull a box forward across a rough floor doing 250 J of work over a horizontal displacement of 12 m at a constant velocity. ™ C (a) Draw an FBD of the box. (b) Calculate the tension in the rope. (c) Calculate the force of friction and the work done by the force of friction. Explain your reasoning. 5. A 62 kg person in an elevator is moving up at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s. ™ (a) Draw an FBD of the person in the elevator. (b) Calculate the work done by the normal force on the person. (c) Calculate the work done by the force of gravity on the person. (d) How would your answers change if the elevator were moving down at 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s? 6. A force sensor pulls a cart horizontally from rest. The position of the cart is recorded by a motion sensor. The data were plotted on a graph as shown in Figure 10. The applied force and the displacement are parallel. What is the work done on the cart by the force sensor after a displacement of 0.5 m?™ F(N) 4 2- 0 0 Figure 10 0.1 0.2 0.3 - 0.4 0.5 d (m) 7. A rope pulls a 2.0 kg bucket straight up, accelerating it from rest at 2.2 m/s² for 3.0 s. ™ (a) Calculate the displacement of the bucket. (b) Calculate the work done by each force acting on the bucket. (c) Calculate the total mechanical work done on the bucket. (d) Calculate the net force acting on the bucket and the work done by the net force. Compare your answer to the total mechanical work done on the bucket as calculated in (c). 8. In your own words, explain if mechanical work is done in each of the following cases: K (a) A heavy box sits on a rough horizontal counter in a factory. (b) An employee pulls on the box with a horizontal force and nothing happens. (c) The same employee goes behind the box and pushes even harder, and the box begins to move. After a few seconds, the box slides onto frictionless rollers and the employee lets go, allowing the box to move with a constant velocity. 9. The graph in Figure 11 shows the force acting on a cart from a spring. The force from the spring is either in the same direction as the cart's displacement or in the opposite direction. G F(N) 5 0 -5- 1 2 B 3 C d (m) Figure 11 (a) Calculate the work done in sections A, B, and C. (b) Calculate the total work done. (c) Explain why the work done in section C must be negative. 10. Describe two ways to determine the total work done by one object on another object. Ku 11. Consider the equation W = F (cos 0)Ad. Ku (a) Using the equation, explain why a force perpendicular to the displacement does zero work. (b) Using the equation, explain why a force opposite to the displacement does negative work.
Transcribed Image Text:5.1 Questions 1. A 25.0 N applied force acts on a cart in the direction of the motion. The cart moves 13.0 m. How much work is done by the applied force? ™ 2. A tow truck pulls a car from rest onto a level road. The tow truck exerts a horizontal force of 1500 N on the car. The frictional force on the car is 810 N. Calculate the work done by each of the following forces on the car as the car moves forward 12 m: ™ (a) the force of the tow truck on the car (b) the force of friction (c) the normal force (d) the force of gravity 3. A child pulls a wagon by the handle along a flat sidewalk. She exerts a force of 80.0 N at an angle of 30.0° above the horizontal while she moves the wagon 12 m forward. The force of friction on the wagon is 34 N. ™ (a) Calculate the mechanical work done by the child on the wagon. (b) Calculate the total work done on the wagon. 4. A horizontal rope is used to pull a box forward across a rough floor doing 250 J of work over a horizontal displacement of 12 m at a constant velocity. ™ C (a) Draw an FBD of the box. (b) Calculate the tension in the rope. (c) Calculate the force of friction and the work done by the force of friction. Explain your reasoning. 5. A 62 kg person in an elevator is moving up at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s. ™ (a) Draw an FBD of the person in the elevator. (b) Calculate the work done by the normal force on the person. (c) Calculate the work done by the force of gravity on the person. (d) How would your answers change if the elevator were moving down at 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s? 6. A force sensor pulls a cart horizontally from rest. The position of the cart is recorded by a motion sensor. The data were plotted on a graph as shown in Figure 10. The applied force and the displacement are parallel. What is the work done on the cart by the force sensor after a displacement of 0.5 m?™ F(N) 4 2- 0 0 Figure 10 0.1 0.2 0.3 - 0.4 0.5 d (m) 7. A rope pulls a 2.0 kg bucket straight up, accelerating it from rest at 2.2 m/s² for 3.0 s. ™ (a) Calculate the displacement of the bucket. (b) Calculate the work done by each force acting on the bucket. (c) Calculate the total mechanical work done on the bucket. (d) Calculate the net force acting on the bucket and the work done by the net force. Compare your answer to the total mechanical work done on the bucket as calculated in (c). 8. In your own words, explain if mechanical work is done in each of the following cases: K (a) A heavy box sits on a rough horizontal counter in a factory. (b) An employee pulls on the box with a horizontal force and nothing happens. (c) The same employee goes behind the box and pushes even harder, and the box begins to move. After a few seconds, the box slides onto frictionless rollers and the employee lets go, allowing the box to move with a constant velocity. 9. The graph in Figure 11 shows the force acting on a cart from a spring. The force from the spring is either in the same direction as the cart's displacement or in the opposite direction. G F(N) 5 0 -5- 1 2 B 3 C d (m) Figure 11 (a) Calculate the work done in sections A, B, and C. (b) Calculate the total work done. (c) Explain why the work done in section C must be negative. 10. Describe two ways to determine the total work done by one object on another object. Ku 11. Consider the equation W = F (cos 0)Ad. Ku (a) Using the equation, explain why a force perpendicular to the displacement does zero work. (b) Using the equation, explain why a force opposite to the displacement does negative work.
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