10. Using Excel - Conducting a two-factor ANOVA with replications Dr. Nicolas Guegen uses observational methods to study how certain kinds of environmental stimuli influence human behavior. In one study, he manipulated the volume of music played in bars to see how it would impact patrons’ drinking behaviors. Trained observers recorded the minutes to finish a drink, the number of drinks ordered, and the number of swallows to finish a drink by several patrons in two establishments. The sound level was manipulated in both establishments, and all observations occurred over three Saturday nights. Dr. Guegen used two sound levels in his study as determined by the noise level of the music playing: a normal sound level of 72 decibels (dB), which is similar to traffic noise on a busy street, and a louder high-volume level of 88 dB, which is similar to noise from a lawn mower. He reported significant differences in the minutes to finish a drink and the number of drinks ordered, but not the number of swallows to finish a drink. [Source: Gueguen, N., Jacob, C., Le Guellec, H., Morineau, T., & Lourel, M. (2008). Sound level of environmental music and drinking behavior: a field experiment with beer drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 32, 1795–1798.] Suppose you also are interested in how the noise level affects the patrons’ drinking habits, but you also wonder how these effects might interact with the lighting level. You conduct a similar study except that you focus on whether there are differences in the average number of drinks ordered per table during the observation period for the two different noise conditions and two different lighting conditions (dark and normal). You randomly sample 24 bars in a large metropolitan area, and randomly assign each to one of the four sound and lighting conditions. Each of the 24 bars was observed for the same duration of time on the same Saturday night. To see your hypothetical data, download the following spreadsheet by clicking on the following words in bold: Download Excel File (excel data in tabe below) normal sound loud sound normal light 4.9 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.7 4.3 3.1 4.2 3.0 4.3 2.1 3.3 dark light 3.2 2.6 4.7 1.3 4.0 3.4 3.7 1.4 3.7 1.3 4.4 2.0 . Assume your study design and data satisfy the requirements for the two-factor analysis of variance. Use Excel to conduct the two-factor ANOVA to test the nondirectional null hypotheses: H0H0: μnormal lightμnormal light = μdark lightμdark light H0H0: μnormal soundμnormal sound = μloud soundμloud sound H₀: There is no interaction between the light and sound conditions. Using a significance level of α = 0.05, complete the following to describe the results of the two-factor analysis of variance. There ______ (is/is not) a significant main effect for light (p = _______ ). There _____ a significant main effect for sound (p = ______ ). There _____ a significant effect for the interaction between the light and sound conditions (p = ______ ). Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the results? a. The data supports the conclusion that customers order more drinks when it is both dark and loud in the bar. b. The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when it is both dark and loud in the bar. c. The data supports the conclusion that customers order more drinks when the bar is loud. d. The data supports the conclusion that customers order more drinks when the bar is dark.
10. Using Excel - Conducting a two-factor ANOVA with replications
Dr. Nicolas Guegen uses observational methods to study how certain kinds of environmental stimuli influence human behavior. In one study, he manipulated the volume of music played in bars to see how it would impact patrons’ drinking behaviors. Trained observers recorded the minutes to finish a drink, the number of drinks ordered, and the number of swallows to finish a drink by several patrons in two establishments. The sound level was manipulated in both establishments, and all observations occurred over three Saturday nights. Dr. Guegen used two sound levels in his study as determined by the noise level of the music playing: a normal sound level of 72 decibels (dB), which is similar to traffic noise on a busy street, and a louder high-volume level of 88 dB, which is similar to noise from a lawn mower. He reported significant differences in the minutes to finish a drink and the number of drinks ordered, but not the number of swallows to finish a drink. [Source: Gueguen, N., Jacob, C., Le Guellec, H., Morineau, T., & Lourel, M. (2008). Sound level of environmental music and drinking behavior: a field experiment with beer drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 32, 1795–1798.]
Suppose you also are interested in how the noise level affects the patrons’ drinking habits, but you also wonder how these effects might interact with the lighting level. You conduct a similar study except that you focus on whether there are differences in the average number of drinks ordered per table during the observation period for the two different noise conditions and two different lighting conditions (dark and normal). You randomly sample 24 bars in a large metropolitan area, and randomly assign each to one of the four sound and lighting conditions. Each of the 24 bars was observed for the same duration of time on the same Saturday night.
To see your hypothetical data, download the following spreadsheet by clicking on the following words in bold:
Download Excel File (excel data in tabe below)
|
|
normal sound |
loud sound |
|
|
|
normal light |
4.9 |
3.3 |
|
|
|
|
3.4 |
3.2 |
|
|
|
|
2.7 |
4.3 |
|
|
|
|
3.1 |
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
3.0 |
4.3 |
|
|
|
|
2.1 |
3.3 |
|
|
|
dark light |
3.2 |
2.6 |
|
|
|
|
4.7 |
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
4.0 |
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
3.7 |
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
3.7 |
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
4.4 |
2.0 |
|
|
.
Assume your study design and data satisfy the requirements for the two-factor analysis of variance. Use Excel to conduct the two-factor ANOVA to test the nondirectional null hypotheses:
| H0H0: μnormal lightμnormal light = μdark lightμdark light | |
| H0H0: μnormal soundμnormal sound = μloud soundμloud sound | |
| H₀: There is no interaction between the light and sound conditions. |
Using a significance level of α = 0.05, complete the following to describe the results of the two-factor analysis of variance.
There ______ (is/is not) a significant main effect for light (p = _______ ).
There _____ a significant main effect for sound (p = ______ ).
There _____ a significant effect for the interaction between the light and sound conditions (p = ______ ).
Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the results?
a. The data supports the conclusion that customers order more drinks when it is both dark and loud in the bar.
b. The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when it is both dark and loud in the bar.
c. The data supports the conclusion that customers order more drinks when the bar is loud.
d. The data supports the conclusion that customers order more drinks when the bar is dark.
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