1.Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations developed in substantially different environments. While both civilizations developed in fertile river valleys rich with silt from the annual flooding of the Nile in Egypt and the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, the flood patterns and geography of the surrounding area were quite different. These differences led to the development of starkly different outlooks on religion and political histories. 1. Why do you think these civilizations settled where they did? 2. Farming villages emerged in both regions between 7,000 and 5,000 years ago Over time these societies improved agricultural technologies like irrigation canals, leading to population growth and the development of the first urban centers like those in Ur and Uruk in Mesopotamia and the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. 2. How did civilization grow in Egypt and /esopotamia? 3. Mesopotamia developed in the fertile arch (known as the Fertile Crescent) along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that runs from the Persian Gulf in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the north. This desert region is prone to irradiate flooding and lacks natural boundaries, making it susceptible to frequent invasions. Egypt on the other hand developed in the narrow fertile ribbon on the banks of the Nile River. The Nile floods with remarkable regularity from July to October of each year. Each time depositing rich silt that was ideal for agriculture, this regularity was known as the Gift of the Nile which led to remarkable stability in Egyptian society. Another factor that contributed to this stability included natural boundaries that made invasions unusual. To the north and east large bodies of water protected Egypt and to the south and west vast deserts. 3. What does this say about how lependent early civilizations were on their physical environment?

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1.Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations developed in substantially different environments. While both civilizations developed in fertile river valleys rich with silt from the annual flooding of the Nile in Egypt and the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, the flood patterns and geography of the surrounding area were quite different. These differences led to the development of starkly different outlooks on religion and political histories. 1. Why do you think these civilizations settled where they did? 2. Farming villages emerged in both regions between 7,000 and 5,000 years ago Over time these societies improved agricultural technologies like irrigation canals, leading to population growth and the development of the first urban centers like those in Ur and Uruk in Mesopotamia and the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. 2. How did civilization grow in Egypt and /esopotamia? 3. Mesopotamia developed in the fertile arch (known as the Fertile Crescent) along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that runs from the Persian Gulf in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the north. This desert region is prone to irradiate flooding and lacks natural boundaries, making it susceptible to frequent invasions. Egypt on the other hand developed in the narrow fertile ribbon on the banks of the Nile River. The Nile floods with remarkable regularity from July to October of each year. Each time depositing rich silt that was ideal for agriculture, this regularity was known as the Gift of the Nile which led to remarkable stability in Egyptian society. Another factor that contributed to this stability included natural boundaries that made invasions unusual. To the north and east large bodies of water protected Egypt and to the south and west vast deserts. 3. What does this say about how lependent early civilizations were on their physical environment? 4. These environmental differences led to starkly different outlooks of religion. Both the Egyptians and Mesopotamians were polytheistic with Gods that represented elements of nature, but because the natural world of each civilization was so different, attitudes toward these Gods were quite different. In general the Gods of Mesopotamia were viewed as unpredictable and often elicited the fear of the population which tried to win their approval with sacrifices and the construction of elaborate temples called Ziggurats. Egyptian religion on the other and, presented Gods that could be depended on to provide bounty and prosperity. This difference was also reflected in each civilization's view of the afterlife. Mesopotamians believed that the afterlife was a fearful and gloomy place while Egyptians believed that good deeds in life were rewarded with an afterlife rich in the same pleasures they enjoyed while alive. These Egyptian views on death and the afterlife led to elaborate burial practices that included the construction of tombs and mummification. 4. How did the environment impact gyptian and Mesopotamian views on eligion?

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