1.4. The Equilibrium Temperature of the Earth We will now use the Stefan Boltzmann Law to estimate the equilibrium temperature of the Earth. The aim is to develop a set of equations first, and then find the answer save your substitutions for the last gasp! Using the Stefan Boltzmann law, write down equations that show how the rate at which (a) the Sun emits energy (Lemit,o) (b) the Earth emits energy (Lemit,@) Explain (using diagrams where appropriate) why the solar energy which will hit the top of the Earth's atmosphere per unit time is R Lnit,e = Lemit,of = Lemit,o 4D² where f is the fraction of the Sun's emitted energy that hits the Earth, R is the radius of the Earth, and D is the distance between the Earth and the Sun. The Earth's albedo (a) is the fraction of solar energy that hits the Earth's atmosphere, and is reflected, not absorbed. Write down an equation in terms of Lo, f and a which shows the rate at which solar energy will be absorbed by the Earth (Labs,). If the Earth is in radiative equilibrium, then the rate at which energy is absorbed will be equal to the rate at which energy is emitted. Assuming the Earth is in radiative equilibrium, show that its temperature would be 1/4 R Te = To 4D² - a) If the Sun's temperature is 6000 K, the radius of the Sun is 7× 10$ m, and the albedo of the Earth is 0.3, what is the Earth's equilibrium temperature? Checkpoint 4: What is the Earth's equilibrium temperature? Is this sensible, and why?

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1.4. The Equilibrium Temperature of the Earth
We will now use the Stefan Boltzmann Law to estimate the equilibrium temperature of the Earth.
The aim is to develop a set of equations first, and then find the answer - save your substitutions
for the last gasp!
Using the Stefan Boltzmann law, write down equations that show how the rate at which
(a) the Sun emits energy (Lemit,o)
(b) the Earth emits energy (Lemit,@)
Explain (using diagrams where appropriate) why the solar energy which will hit the top of the
Earth's atmosphere per unit time is
R
= Lemit,O
4D²
Lhit,
Lemit, of
where f is the fraction of the Sun's emitted energy that hits the Earth, Re is the radius of the
Earth, and D is the distance between the Earth and the Sun.
The Earth's albedo (a) is the fraction of solar energy that hits the Earth's atmosphere, and is
reflected, not absorbed. Write down an equation in terms of Lo, f and a which shows the rate
at which solar energy will be absorbed by the Earth (Labs,).
If the Earth is in radiative equilibrium, then the rate at which energy is absorbed will be equal to
the rate at which energy is emitted. Assuming the Earth is in radiative equilibrium, show that its
temperature would be
1/4
Te = To
- a)
AD2 (1
If the Sun's temperature is 6000 K, the radius of the Sun is 7× 108 m, and the albedo of the Earth
is 0.3, what is the Earth's equilibrium temperature?
Checkpoint 4: What is the Earth's equilibrium temperature? Is this sensible, and why?
Transcribed Image Text:4 1.4. The Equilibrium Temperature of the Earth We will now use the Stefan Boltzmann Law to estimate the equilibrium temperature of the Earth. The aim is to develop a set of equations first, and then find the answer - save your substitutions for the last gasp! Using the Stefan Boltzmann law, write down equations that show how the rate at which (a) the Sun emits energy (Lemit,o) (b) the Earth emits energy (Lemit,@) Explain (using diagrams where appropriate) why the solar energy which will hit the top of the Earth's atmosphere per unit time is R = Lemit,O 4D² Lhit, Lemit, of where f is the fraction of the Sun's emitted energy that hits the Earth, Re is the radius of the Earth, and D is the distance between the Earth and the Sun. The Earth's albedo (a) is the fraction of solar energy that hits the Earth's atmosphere, and is reflected, not absorbed. Write down an equation in terms of Lo, f and a which shows the rate at which solar energy will be absorbed by the Earth (Labs,). If the Earth is in radiative equilibrium, then the rate at which energy is absorbed will be equal to the rate at which energy is emitted. Assuming the Earth is in radiative equilibrium, show that its temperature would be 1/4 Te = To - a) AD2 (1 If the Sun's temperature is 6000 K, the radius of the Sun is 7× 108 m, and the albedo of the Earth is 0.3, what is the Earth's equilibrium temperature? Checkpoint 4: What is the Earth's equilibrium temperature? Is this sensible, and why?
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