Answered: 1. Why is determination of evolutionary…

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Biology

1. Why is determination of evolutionary relationships among the different invertebrate phyla important?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section24.3: Sources Of Data For Phylogenetic Analyses

Problem 2SB

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Concept explainers

Evolutionary lineages

An evolutionary lineage is a series of populations of organisms that descend from a common ancestor. Each species in the lineage is the direct consequence of evolutionary change from a common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is generally used to display lineages visually. Lineages are components of the phylogenetic tree of life. Molecular systematics procedures are widely used to predict lineages.

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1. Why is determination of evolutionary relationships among the different invertebrate phyla important?

2. If you are to determine evolutionary relationships among different invertebrate groups, which technique would you use?

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INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Fill out the blank with their Dichotomous key.2. In each numbered series you should read both choices, determine which choice best applies to the Phylum. Note that some Phyla are already given as guides.3. Proceed where the key tells you to go, often skipping other steps (numbers) in between that do not apply. Dichotomous key for the Major Invertebrate Phyla 1. Radial symmetry or asymmetry…………………………………………….……………………………………….… Proceed to Number 2 Bilateral symmetry………………………………………….……………………………………………………………..… Proceed to Number 4 2. Highly porous surface, not true tissues……………………………………Phylum ________________ Surface is not highly porous, true tissues present………………………………………………………..….. Proceed to Number 3 3. Exhibits pentaramous symmetry and tube feet……………………….Phylum _______________ Lacks pentamerous symmetry and tube feet, possesses tentacles (with nematocysts)…………………………………………………………………………Phylum ________________ 4. Macroscopic colony of sessile, microscopic…
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1. A) Create a phylogenetic tree for extant taxa A-I using the attached character matrix. Tissues Bilateral Symmetry Trochophore Ecdysis Deuterostome amniotic sac one temporal arch Segmentation A В 1 1 1 1 1 D 1 1 E 1 1 1 1 G 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 b) Determine which of the following taxa are represented in your tree by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I. Not all taxa will be used. Amphibia Annelidia Aves Cnidaria Echinodermata Нехароda Monotreme Mullusca Porifera Rotifera Testudines Urochordata
3. Linear evolution suggests that there is a ladder, or step- progression, to evolution over time -- one species building and transitioning into another species. A bushy interpretation of evolution suggests multiple overlapping species of hominins, with some species short-lived, and others existing for a long period of time. What type of evolutionary model does A. sediba support? Explain your answer.
2. Examine the phylogeny below, which is the phylogeny for all extant species from a genus of birds, constructed using nuclear sequences (the numbers simply label the species). 2 3 Clade A 5 6 Clade B 1 7 (a) Give two explanations for why there are more species in clade A compared to B (i.e. I want general explanations for why some clades have more species than others 4.
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