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- Autoantibodies are probably involved in ________. a. reactions to poison ivy b. pollen allergies c. systemic lupus erythematosus d. HIV/AIDS32. Antibiotics that affect various strains of Gram-positive bacteria and various strains of Gram-negative bacteria are considered to be a. isolate usable b. stress-induced spectrum c. narrow spectrum d. broad spectrum e. major spectrum 33. Aspirin is considered to be an anti-inflammatory drug. Therefore, it would block which of the following? a. C3₂ b. perforins c. MHC I d. C3, e. Co 34. Which of the following characteristics is shared by innate and adaptative immunity? a. first line of defense b. skin c. complement d. production of lysozyme e. production of molecules that prevent attachment of the microbe to host cells18. Antiviral proteins synthesized in response to the binding of interferon may target a. intracellular uncoating b. nucleic acid synthesis c. viral assembly C. d. viral ribosomes e. all the above except d 19. When a macrophage encounters S. aureus, which of the following will most likely not occur? a. The macrophage will indirectly induce the synthesis of an antibody b. The macrophage will activate T cells C. The macrophage will produce cytokines d. The macrophage will exhibit its phagocytic and antigen presenting traits e. a & b 20. Plasma cells are actually activated by a. an antigen b. a T cell c. a B cell d. a memory cell PRRS e. 21. Development of resistance to a particular antimicrobial is limited if the drug a. binds to several sites on the target molecule b. targets several different molecules c. affects only one molecule d. affects the plasma membrane e. a and b
- pattern recognition receptor is cell receptor on a. cytokine b. monocyte c. epitope d. A and B21. The following is correct about superantigens? A. cause autoimmune disease B. activates many T cells D. are high molecular wt proteins C. activates B cells 22. Perforins and granzymes are synthesized by the following cell? A. TH1 B. Th2 C. macrophages 12 The foll D. CD8+ T cells1. Antigens are made up of specific sequences of amino acids called ----- that determine their structure. A. epitopes B. multivalent sites C. paratropes D. constant regions 2. Which scenario best describes antibody cross-reactivity? A. A single pathogen with multiple epitopes is recognized by a multivalent antibody. B. Multipleepitopes are recognized by multiple antibodies C. A single epitope is recognized by multiple antibodies D. Two distinct, but structurally similar epitopes are recognized by the same antibody 3. What is the major benefit of cross-reactivity? A. Cross-reactivity permits the allergic response. B. Cross-reactivity promotes a faster immune response against unrelated pathogens. C. Cross-reactivity enhances immunity by providing protection against related pathogens. D. Cross-reactivity allows the immune system to respond to pathogens in various locations within the host (i.e., skin, mucosal tissues, extracellular fluids, etc.)
- 45. Which of the following would be involved in reacting to a first-time exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? a. a pre-7-10-day production of IgM b. activation of only T cells by T cells с c. memory B cells d. MHC I or II e. the macrophage as the first leukocyte arriving to the site of infection 46. The F region can do all the following except a. interact with pseudopods b. bind to B cells c. bind to T cells d. bind to pmns initiate endocytosis e. 47. Lysogeny can be linked to cervical cancer a. b. be linked to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections c. cause the production of a new bacterial strain d. be used as a possible cure for cancer e. all the above 48. Viruses that infect fungal cells probably recognize a. cholesterol b. ergosterol c. pencillin binding proteins d. DNA gyrase e. beta-lactamase 49. Which of the following would be an ineffective antiviral drug? a. one that blocks viral attachment b. one that inhibits viral nucleic acids replication c. one that destroys only the…FceRI binds A. IgA B. IgG C. IgE D. Innocuous substances Aspirin reduces inflammation by acting on: A. Histamine B. Chymotryptase C. Leukotrienes D. Prostaglandins14. Which of the following cells probably do produce pyrogens? a. Red blood cells that express MHC I b. endothelial cells that line blood vessel cell walls c. T helper cells C. d. B cells e. Other leukocytes such as macrophages 15. Your patient obtained a Vibrio cholerae infection from drinking contaminated water. The organism releases vibriobactin which is a siderophore which is a bacterial protein used to capture iron. To counter the action of this bacterial protein, your patient produces a. interferon b. transferrin c. pyogens d. perforin e. histamine 16. Which of the following would not be an effective antiviral against bacteriophages? a. An agent that blocks lysozyme b. An agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis c. An agent that blocks intracellular uncoating d. An agent that blocks restriction enzymes e. An agent that promotes extracellular uncoating 17. Which of the following statements is not true a. interferon is cytolytic b. ribosomes are the target for antimicrobials that…
- 19. The following event does not occur in the germinal centers of activated B cells? A. somatic hypermutation. B. formation of memory B cells C. RNA recombination D. plasma cell formation 20. Features of T-independent immune response include? A. occurs in people that lack a functional thymus C. give rise to memory cells. 21 Thafall E. class switching B. production of IgG and IgA D. involve immunological synapseWhich of the following is a type of cytokine? a. mast cell b. lysozyme C c. chemokine O d. immunoglobulin5. The covid vaccine contains mrna this will produce a. passive adaptive immunity b. active adaptive immunity c. innate protien.