Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
![**Question:**
1. What is the pH for HCl = 1.0 x 10⁻⁸ M?
**Explanation:**
To calculate the pH of a dilute solution of HCl with a concentration of 1.0 x 10⁻⁸ M, it's important to note that the contribution of H⁺ ions from the ionization of water becomes significant compared to the H⁺ ions from the HCl.
**Steps to calculate:**
1. **Ionization of Water:** Water ionizes slightly to produce H⁺ and OH⁻ ions. At 25°C, the concentration of H⁺ ions from water is approximately 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ M.
2. **Total H⁺ Concentration:** Add the H⁺ ions from both the water and the HCl:
- [H⁺] = [H⁺ from water] + [H⁺ from HCl]
- [H⁺] = 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ + 1.0 x 10⁻⁸
3. **Calculate pH:**
- [H⁺] = 1.1 x 10⁻⁷ M
- pH = -log(1.1 x 10⁻⁷)
4. The pH is slightly less than 7, considering the additional protons from the HCl.
**Conclusion:**
In very dilute acidic solutions, contributions from the self-ionization of water cannot be ignored. Always consider this factor to obtain an accurate pH value for such dilutions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F42041ab0-2f4c-4493-b164-044357cbcf80%2F9dc46bce-f274-4131-aea0-96561e9adac6%2F1uxyhv_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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