1. The point of cleavage of the cohesin complex differes in vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates, the cohesin complex is cleaved by separase enzymes at the onset of anaphase. 2. Cell cycle checkpoints and the cleavage of the cohesin complex are controlled by regulatory proteins called cyclins, cyclin

1. The point of cleavage of the cohesin complex differes in vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates, the cohesin complex is cleaved by separase enzymes at the onset of anaphase. 2. Cell cycle checkpoints and the cleavage of the cohesin complex are controlled by regulatory proteins called cyclins, cyclin

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19P: Figure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle. Many cell types â€œexitâ€� the cell cycle and...

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Which of the following statements about cell cycle regulators is incorrect? a. The concentrations of cyclins change throughout the cell cycle. b. Cyclins are present in all stages of the cell cycle except S. c. Cyclin-Cdk complexes phosphorylate target proteins. d. Cdks combine with cyclin to move the cycle into mitosis. e. During anaphase of mitosis, cyclin is degraded, allowing mitosis to end.
19. The G2 checkpoint of the cell cycle triggers the start of mitosis. It is dependent upon the presence of cyclin. Cyclin production begins in the S phase and continues through the G2 phase. It is not the presence of cyclin alone. However, that allows the cell to pass the G2 checkpoint. Cyclin must first bind with kinase to form the following complex, an accumulation of which triggers mitosis. A. Cyclin-dependent complex B. Cyclin-kinase complex C. Mitosis progression factor D. Maturation promotion factor
13) A phosphotase removes an inhibitory phosphotyrosine phosphate from the serine protein kinase, in MPF whcih activates the kinase and triggers the initiation of mitosis. true or false
Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that monitor the integrity and fidelity of the major events of the cell cycle. Which of the following are true about cell cycle checkpoints? Select all that apply The M phase checkpoint examines whether all sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle microtubules Progression through checkpoints is determined by the activation of cyclin dependent kinases bound to cyclins The G2 checkpoint is also called the restriction checkpoint O If a cell passes the G1 checkpoint, it irreversibly commits to complete the whole cell cycle and divide
Explain in detail how phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (rb) protein leads to transition of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S phase. Be sure to include the role of all relevant accessory proteins, cylcins and CDK’s
In mammalian cells, different cyclin-CDK complexes regulate progression of cells through the cell cycle. Which of the following would be true during the cell cycle? Select all that apply Cyclin D phosphorylates and activates MCM protein, a helicase Cyclin B phosphorylates and breaks down the nuclear lamina OThe anaphase promoting complex, or APC/C is phosphorylated and activated by cyclin B Cyclin D helps promotes passage through the restriction point
Degradation of which protein is one of the triggers for the intiation of Mphase of the cell cycle Cyclin A/B Wee1 TOR Cdk1 None of these
Which subunits activate CDKs at different cellcycle stages. Cyclins are present only in the cell cycle stagesthat they promote.
7. Which statement about cell-cycle checkpoints is FALSE ? * O Cell-cycle checkpoints control progression through stages of the cell cycle. O Often, kinases that require activation by a cyclin protein regulate cell-cycle checkpoints. O The estriction point" (R) is one example of a cell-cycle checkpoint at the G1-to-S- phase transition. O If there is excessive DNA damage in the nucleus, this will allow the cell-cycle to move through each checkpoint. 8. Select the statement that is FALSE: * 1 Some cells, like stem cells or skin cells, are constantly cycling, or progressing 1 poin
Cancer cells typically lose cell cycle entry control. Explain how the following mutations, which are found in some cancer cells, lead to a bypass of these controls: (a) overexpression of cyclin D, (b) loss of Rb function, (c) loss of p16 function, (d) hyperactive E2F.
Which of the following statement is NOT true? Cell cycle cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are synthesized and degraded in every cell cycle O Activity of the S phase CDKs rise in the S phase and drops in the G2 and mitotic phase APC/C proteasome activity increases during mitotic phase and drops towards the end of the G1 phase G1/S cyclin protein amount rises in the G1 phase
What promoting entry into the cell cycle are conserved across species. G1 CDKs inhibit a transcrip-tional repressor. This allows the transcription of G1/S phase cyclin genes and other genes important for S phase.