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1. The four chemical reactions which occur in sequence when gaseous carbon dioxide dissolves in water is represented as follows: (1) In the first reaction, CO2 dissolves in water to give carbonic acid, represented as follows: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) This is a reversible reaction, so that a state of equilibrium is achieved where some CO, and water molecules combine to form H2CO3, while at the same time, an equal number of H2CO3 molecules split into CO2 and water. (ii) In the second reaction, H2CO3 is a weak acid, some of its molecules dissociate into bicarbonate ion and hydrogen ion and the reaction is reversible: H2CO, → H* + HCO;- (bicarbonate) (iii) Third reaction is the dissociation of bicarbonate ion to carbonate ion: HCO;- → H* + CO;²- (carbonate) (iv) The carbonate ion reacts with excess hydrogen ions to produce bicarbonate: Co,?- + 2H* → 2HCO;- (bicarbonate) 2. Carbon dioxide is not an acid by itself since it does not contain H+ ions but become acidic when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. This is because, carbonic acid (weak acid) is formed from which hydrogen ions dissociate, increasing the acidity of the carbon dioxide solution. The reaction is represented as follows: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) If OH- (from a strong base such as sodium hydroxide) is added to a solution of carbon dioxide, what happens to the OH- and what effect will this have on the equilibria you wrote above?

1. The four chemical reactions which occur in sequence when gaseous carbon dioxide dissolves in water is represented as follows: (1) In the first reaction, CO2 dissolves in water to give carbonic acid, represented as follows: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) This is a reversible reaction, so that a state of equilibrium is achieved where some CO, and water molecules combine to form H2CO3, while at the same time, an equal number of H2CO3 molecules split into CO2 and water. (ii) In the second reaction, H2CO3 is a weak acid, some of its molecules dissociate into bicarbonate ion and hydrogen ion and the reaction is reversible: H2CO, → H* + HCO;- (bicarbonate) (iii) Third reaction is the dissociation of bicarbonate ion to carbonate ion: HCO;- → H* + CO;²- (carbonate) (iv) The carbonate ion reacts with excess hydrogen ions to produce bicarbonate: Co,?- + 2H* → 2HCO;- (bicarbonate) 2. Carbon dioxide is not an acid by itself since it does not contain H+ ions but become acidic when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. This is because, carbonic acid (weak acid) is formed from which hydrogen ions dissociate, increasing the acidity of the carbon dioxide solution. The reaction is represented as follows: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) If OH- (from a strong base such as sodium hydroxide) is added to a solution of carbon dioxide, what happens to the OH- and what effect will this have on the equilibria you wrote above?

Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Chapter12: Chemical Equilibrium
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 12.40PAE: Because carbonic acid undergoes a second ionization, the student in Exercise 12.39 is concerned that...
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1. The four chemical reactions which occur in sequence when gaseous carbon dioxide dissolves in water is represented as follows: (i) In the first reaction, CO, dissolves in water to give carbonic acid, represented as follows: CO2 + H20 → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) This is a reversible reaction, so that a state of equilibrium is achieved where some CO, and water molecules combine to form H2CO3, while at the same time, an equal number of H2CO3 molecules split into CO2 and water. (ii) In the second reaction, H2CO3 is a weak acid, some of its molecules dissociate into bicarbonate ion and hydrogen ion and the reaction is reversible: H2CO3 + H+ + HCO3- (bicarbonate) (iii) Third reaction is the dissociation of bicarbonate ion to carbonate ion: НСО-- + н* + со)3- (сarbonate) (iv) The carbonate ion reacts with excess hydrogen ions to produce bicarbonate: CO,?- + 2H+ → 2HСО,-- (bicarbonate) 2. Carbon dioxide is not an acid by itself since it does not contain H+ ions but become acidic when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. This is because, carbonic acid (weak acid) is formed from which hydrogen ions dissociate, increasing the acidity of the carbon dioxide solution. The reaction is represented as follows: CO2 + H20 → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) If OH (from a strong base such as sodium hydroxide) is added to a solution of carbon dioxide, what happens to the OH- and what effect will this have on the equilibria you wrote above?
Transcribed Image Text:1. The four chemical reactions which occur in sequence when gaseous carbon dioxide dissolves in water is represented as follows: (i) In the first reaction, CO, dissolves in water to give carbonic acid, represented as follows: CO2 + H20 → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) This is a reversible reaction, so that a state of equilibrium is achieved where some CO, and water molecules combine to form H2CO3, while at the same time, an equal number of H2CO3 molecules split into CO2 and water. (ii) In the second reaction, H2CO3 is a weak acid, some of its molecules dissociate into bicarbonate ion and hydrogen ion and the reaction is reversible: H2CO3 + H+ + HCO3- (bicarbonate) (iii) Third reaction is the dissociation of bicarbonate ion to carbonate ion: НСО-- + н* + со)3- (сarbonate) (iv) The carbonate ion reacts with excess hydrogen ions to produce bicarbonate: CO,?- + 2H+ → 2HСО,-- (bicarbonate) 2. Carbon dioxide is not an acid by itself since it does not contain H+ ions but become acidic when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. This is because, carbonic acid (weak acid) is formed from which hydrogen ions dissociate, increasing the acidity of the carbon dioxide solution. The reaction is represented as follows: CO2 + H20 → H2CO3 (carbonic acid) If OH (from a strong base such as sodium hydroxide) is added to a solution of carbon dioxide, what happens to the OH- and what effect will this have on the equilibria you wrote above?
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