Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Please fill out for each reaction
i.Fill in the missing starting materials, products, or reagents as necessary.If no reaction occurs, write "N.R." and explain why this is the case.
ii. Label each transformation as SN1, SN2, or acid/base.
iii. Indicate if the product is racemic or a single enantiomer.
![### Organic Chemistry Reaction Scheme
#### Reaction Overview
1. **Reactant**: An allylic alcohol, featuring a terminal alkyne group, undergoes transformation.
2. **First Reaction Step**:
- **Reagents**:
- Methanesulfonyl chloride (Cl-S(=O)\<sub>2</sub>-Me)
- Pyridine
- **Process**:
- The alcohol group is converted to a good leaving group, likely forming a mesylate intermediate.
3. **Second Reaction Step**:
- **Reagents**:
- Potassium cyanide (KCN)
- Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent
- **Process**:
- The cyanide ion assists in nucleophilic substitution, displacing the leaving group to form a nitrile or facilitating elimination depending on conditions.
#### Second Reaction and Isotopic Labeling:
1. **Initial Substrate**: An alkyl halide could be implied here.
2. **Reagents and Conditions**:
- **First Step**:
- Magnesium (Mg^0) in tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- Formation of a Grignard reagent, such as an organomagnesium compound.
- **Second Step**:
- Deuterium oxide (D\[Subscript]2\[O])
- Reaction introduces a deuterium atom (D) in place of a hydrogen atom.
- **Result**: Formation of a deuterated alkene, specifically with deuterium located at the end of the alkene chain.
#### Note:
- The diagram represents typical steps in organic synthesis, highlighting functional group transformations, nucleophilic substitution or elimination, and isotopic labeling.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc47c8b08-049c-42f2-9d94-570c13eff388%2Fd68e6615-bf49-4185-a55f-97d73400068b%2Fvu4to5v_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry Reaction Scheme
#### Reaction Overview
1. **Reactant**: An allylic alcohol, featuring a terminal alkyne group, undergoes transformation.
2. **First Reaction Step**:
- **Reagents**:
- Methanesulfonyl chloride (Cl-S(=O)\<sub>2</sub>-Me)
- Pyridine
- **Process**:
- The alcohol group is converted to a good leaving group, likely forming a mesylate intermediate.
3. **Second Reaction Step**:
- **Reagents**:
- Potassium cyanide (KCN)
- Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent
- **Process**:
- The cyanide ion assists in nucleophilic substitution, displacing the leaving group to form a nitrile or facilitating elimination depending on conditions.
#### Second Reaction and Isotopic Labeling:
1. **Initial Substrate**: An alkyl halide could be implied here.
2. **Reagents and Conditions**:
- **First Step**:
- Magnesium (Mg^0) in tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- Formation of a Grignard reagent, such as an organomagnesium compound.
- **Second Step**:
- Deuterium oxide (D\[Subscript]2\[O])
- Reaction introduces a deuterium atom (D) in place of a hydrogen atom.
- **Result**: Formation of a deuterated alkene, specifically with deuterium located at the end of the alkene chain.
#### Note:
- The diagram represents typical steps in organic synthesis, highlighting functional group transformations, nucleophilic substitution or elimination, and isotopic labeling.
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