1. Kg is kilograms, a measure of mass. In this ecosystem, which trophic level has most mass? 2. Which trophic level is the original source of food? 4. Which trophic level consumes plants?
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![1. Kg is kilograms, a measure of mass. In this
ecosystem, which trophic level has most mass?
2. Which trophic level is the original source of food?
4. Which trophic level consumes plants?
5. In this ecosystem, why would the wolf have more
mass than the lion?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0fd913e7-dffd-41ca-989f-634c560a5434%2Fc8683ef3-8942-4a69-a62d-5db2421b33af%2Fsjrlu0f_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- 6. Mant top level consumers are large carnivores. Explain how their size affects or is affected by the dynamics of energy, biomass and/or numbers pyramids. 7. What other factors in an ecosystem may affect pyramid shapes for that ecosystem? 8. What level of an ecological pyramid would contain humans? Please explain your choice. 9. Many farmers use pesticides on their fields to keep pests from eating their crops. These pesticides, however, can have serious, negative effects on other organisms thaat interact with the ecosystem. For that reason, some people have suggested that bringing in predators to eat the pests would be a better soulution than pesticides. a. Explain what affeccts bringing predators in could have on the ecosystem. b. Which level of organisms is most susceptible to extinction. Please support your answer.What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the aquatic plants in the lake? 2. What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the bluegill in the lake? 3. Looking at the organisms associated with the lake, organize them into three trophic groups: producers, consumers, and decomposers. 4. Separate the consumers into three subcategories: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. 5. Create 3 different food chains found within the lake. Food chain #1 should contain 3 organisms, food chain #2 should contain 4 organisms, and food chain # 3 should contain 5 organisms. The arrows should point in the direction the energy is flowing through the food chain. You can either use the “>” as your arrow or the Insert Symbol function to insert an arrow into your food chains. 6. As the energy flows through each trophic level, how much energy is lost from the food chain as heat? 7. What happens to the number of organisms as they go up through the trophic levels? Explain why this…2. Based on the biome you would expect P. rufipes to be found, what kind of animals at other trophic levels would you expect P. rufipes to interact with? (Note: these interactions can include predation, parasitism, competitors, etc.). In other words if you were to design a food web with P. rufipes in it, what other type of animals would be in it and would interact directly with the wasp?
- 1. Examine the food webs for Lake Victoria, East Africa (fig 31.2 a,b) before and after the introduction of the Nile perch (Leveque 1995). Calculate the mean food chain length, percent of trophic groups at various levels, and connectance for each food web. Oreochromis Insectivorous Fish Chironomids Chaoborous Man Piscivorous Fish Zooplanktivorous Haplochromines Rastrineobola Zooplankton Detritus/Phytoplankton Lake Victoria in the 1970s Detritivorous Phytoplanktivorous Haplochromines Figure 31.2. (a) Food web structure of Lake Victoria before introduction of the Nile Perch. [continued on next page) Molluscivorous Fish Molluscs1. Billy is stranded on an island. He has unlimited access to water, six chickens, and a few bags of corn. He is considering his options for how to survive on the island until he is rescued. Draw a model of the food web and the trophic pyramid on the island for each of these three options. Option A: Feed all the corn to the chickens and eat their eggs. Trophic Pyramid Food Web Option B: Share the corn with the chickens. Eat their eggs, then eat the chickens when the corn runs out. Food Web Trophic Pyramid Option C: Eat the chickens first, then eat the corn. Food Web Trophic PyramidThe loss of an apex consumer would impact which trophic level of a food web? primary producers primary consumers secondary consumers all of the above
- 5. Trophic level transfer efficiency is related to population turnover rate in agricultural pests. There are 15g/m2 of locust (herbivorous insect) per 1000g/m2 of wheat (primary producer) and 4g/m2 of cutworms (herbivorous insect) per 200g/m2 of corn (primary producer). __________ have the largest population turnover rate and __________ have the biggest impact on crops. a. locust, both b. locust, cutworms c. cutworms, cutworms d. both, both e. cutworms, locustIndentify the correct food web for each question. Which type of food web cycles materials and moves energy into and out of the community? Grazing Which type of food web is dominant in Central Park's forests and pond? Detrital Which food web includes humans? Grazing7. Describe the variety of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the sublittoral study site (Site C). How can you differentiate them? 8. Draw a diagram of the food chain which you think exist in the shore ecosystem that studied. What will happen if there is an extinction of one of the species especially you the ones at the top of the chain? 9. Based on all the aspects that you have observed, is the shore that you studied is polluted? If yes, what are the steps that could be taken? Give your comments.
- 2. The trophic relationships in real biological communities are much more complex than a simple food chain. These more complex trophic relationships are shown in a food web. This diagram shows a small part of a food web. Notice that the food web contains multiple food chains. A. Circle the organisms in one of the food chains in this food web. B. Label the producer in the food chain you circled. mountain lion C. Explain why the hawk in this food web is a trophic omnivore, even though it does not eat both plants and animals. deer atrod ugog 10ods nous W snake rabbit trees hawk mouse- grasses frog Z cricket bas to AnidT A 463. The diagram below represents the feeding relationships between organisms in a terrestrial ecosystem. Use it to answer the following questions: Lion Fox Wild cat Hawk Guate Rabbit Owl Rat Rattle snake Tomato plant a. Classify each organism in the diagram on basis of its role for energy flow in the ecosystem. b. Construct 4 food chains from the diagram, each with not less than four trophic levels c. Assign each organism in the diagram to its appropriate trophic level. d. If the tomato plant produced 10,000 KJ of energy, how much of it will be available to the: i. wildcat ii. hawk c. What two other options have the lion for obtaining energy? Which one is better and why? f. If there was a sudden decrease in the wildcat population, state one possible effect on the population of the: i. rat ii. rabbit iii. lion iv. hawk Page 2 of 33 Study this diagram of an ecosystem and answer the questions that follow, Figure 5.10 a What is an ecosystem? b Which number refers to a herbivore? Which number refers to a: predator primary consumer, and carnivore? d Does number 2 refer to a herbivore, primary consumer or producer? Suggest a reason for your answer. e Which number refers to an: organism that can influence the ecosystem more than any other organism, and ii an omnivore? What is an omnivore? Briefly describe the changes that may result in the ecosystem if organism 4 is removed from the area.
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