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1. How were Hobbes's and Locke's views different?

1. How were Hobbes's and Locke's views different?

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which all people were equal. Cesare Beccaria was an Italian philosphe. He spoke out against abrīšes of justice. could live in a safe and orderly way. The best gov- ernment, he said, is that of a strong king who can force all people to obey. John Locke believed that people have three natural rights. They are life, liberty, and property. The purpose of government is to protect these rights. When it fails to do so, he said, people have a right to overthrow the government. 2. Name the types of freedoms that Enlightenment thinkers championed. Women and the Enlightenment; Legacy of the Enlightenment (pages 199-201) 1. How were Hobbes's and Locke's views different? The Philosophes Advocate Reason (pages 196–198) What were Enlightenment views about individuals? Many Enlightenment thinkers held traditional views about women's place in society. They wanted equal rights for all men but paid no attention to the fact that women did not have such rights. Some women protested this unfair situation. "If all men are born free," stated British writer Mary. Wollstonecraft, "how is it that all women are born Who were the philosophes? French thinkers called philosophes had five main. beliefs: (1) thinkers can find the truth by using rea- son; (2) what is natural is good and reasonable, and human actions are shaped by natural laws; (3) act- ing according to nature can bring happiness; (4) by taking a scientific view, people and society can make progress and advance to a better life; and (5) by using reason, people can gain freedom. The most brilliant of the philosophes was the writer Voltaire. He fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech. Baron de Montesquieu wrote about separation of powers-dividing power among the separate branches of government. The third great philosophe was Jean Jacques Rousseau. He wrote in favor of human freedom. He wanted a society in slaves?" Enlightenment ideas strongly influenced the American and French Revolutions. Enlightenment thinkers also helped spread the idea of progress. By using reason, they said, it is possible to make soci- ety better. Enlightenment thinkers helped make the world less religious and more worldly. They also stressed the importance of the individual. 3. Explain the influence of Enlightenment ideas.
Transcribed Image Text:which all people were equal. Cesare Beccaria was an Italian philosphe. He spoke out against abrīšes of justice. could live in a safe and orderly way. The best gov- ernment, he said, is that of a strong king who can force all people to obey. John Locke believed that people have three natural rights. They are life, liberty, and property. The purpose of government is to protect these rights. When it fails to do so, he said, people have a right to overthrow the government. 2. Name the types of freedoms that Enlightenment thinkers championed. Women and the Enlightenment; Legacy of the Enlightenment (pages 199-201) 1. How were Hobbes's and Locke's views different? The Philosophes Advocate Reason (pages 196–198) What were Enlightenment views about individuals? Many Enlightenment thinkers held traditional views about women's place in society. They wanted equal rights for all men but paid no attention to the fact that women did not have such rights. Some women protested this unfair situation. "If all men are born free," stated British writer Mary. Wollstonecraft, "how is it that all women are born Who were the philosophes? French thinkers called philosophes had five main. beliefs: (1) thinkers can find the truth by using rea- son; (2) what is natural is good and reasonable, and human actions are shaped by natural laws; (3) act- ing according to nature can bring happiness; (4) by taking a scientific view, people and society can make progress and advance to a better life; and (5) by using reason, people can gain freedom. The most brilliant of the philosophes was the writer Voltaire. He fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech. Baron de Montesquieu wrote about separation of powers-dividing power among the separate branches of government. The third great philosophe was Jean Jacques Rousseau. He wrote in favor of human freedom. He wanted a society in slaves?" Enlightenment ideas strongly influenced the American and French Revolutions. Enlightenment thinkers also helped spread the idea of progress. By using reason, they said, it is possible to make soci- ety better. Enlightenment thinkers helped make the world less religious and more worldly. They also stressed the importance of the individual. 3. Explain the influence of Enlightenment ideas.
I8H 2 (pages 195–201) TERMS AND NAMES The Enlightenment in Europe Enlightenment Age of Reason social contract According to Thomas Hobbes, an agreement people make with government John Locke Philosopher who wrote about government philosophes Social critics in France Voltaire Writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech Montesquieu French writer concerned with government and political liberty Rousseau Enlightenment thinker who championed freedom Mary Wollstonecraft Author who. wrote about women's rights BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read how the Scientific Revolution began in Europe. In this section, you will learn how the Enlightenment began in Europe. AS YOU READ Use the chart below to take notes on important Enlightenment ideas. THINKER IDEA Hobbes social contract between people and government English writers-Thomas Hobbes and John Locke-were important to this movement. They came to very different conclusions about govern- ment and human nature. Hobbes wrote that there would be a war of Two Views on Government (pages 195–196) What were the views of Hobbes and Locke? ,"every man against every man" if there were no government. To avoid this war, Hobbes said, peo- The Enlightenment was an intellectual move- ment. Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply rea- .son and the scientific method to laws that shaped ple formed a social contract. It was an agreement human actions. They hoped to build a society founded on ideas of the Scientific Revolution. Two between people and their government. People gave up their rights to the government so they mT AND BFYOLUTION 65 © McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
Transcribed Image Text:I8H 2 (pages 195–201) TERMS AND NAMES The Enlightenment in Europe Enlightenment Age of Reason social contract According to Thomas Hobbes, an agreement people make with government John Locke Philosopher who wrote about government philosophes Social critics in France Voltaire Writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech Montesquieu French writer concerned with government and political liberty Rousseau Enlightenment thinker who championed freedom Mary Wollstonecraft Author who. wrote about women's rights BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read how the Scientific Revolution began in Europe. In this section, you will learn how the Enlightenment began in Europe. AS YOU READ Use the chart below to take notes on important Enlightenment ideas. THINKER IDEA Hobbes social contract between people and government English writers-Thomas Hobbes and John Locke-were important to this movement. They came to very different conclusions about govern- ment and human nature. Hobbes wrote that there would be a war of Two Views on Government (pages 195–196) What were the views of Hobbes and Locke? ,"every man against every man" if there were no government. To avoid this war, Hobbes said, peo- The Enlightenment was an intellectual move- ment. Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply rea- .son and the scientific method to laws that shaped ple formed a social contract. It was an agreement human actions. They hoped to build a society founded on ideas of the Scientific Revolution. Two between people and their government. People gave up their rights to the government so they mT AND BFYOLUTION 65 © McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
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