1. How were Hobbes's and Locke's views different?
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![which all people were equal. Cesare Beccaria was
an Italian philosphe. He spoke out against abrīšes
of justice.
could live in a safe and orderly way. The best gov-
ernment, he said, is that of a strong king who can
force all people to obey.
John Locke believed that people have three
natural rights. They are life, liberty, and property.
The purpose of government is to protect these
rights. When it fails to do so, he said, people have
a right to overthrow the government.
2. Name the types of freedoms that Enlightenment
thinkers championed.
Women and the Enlightenment;
Legacy of the Enlightenment
(pages 199-201)
1. How were Hobbes's and Locke's views different?
The Philosophes Advocate
Reason (pages 196–198)
What were Enlightenment views
about individuals?
Many Enlightenment thinkers held traditional
views about women's place in society. They wanted
equal rights for all men but paid no attention to the
fact that women did not have such rights. Some
women protested this unfair situation. "If all men
are born free," stated British writer Mary.
Wollstonecraft, "how is it that all women are born
Who were the philosophes?
French thinkers called philosophes had five main.
beliefs: (1) thinkers can find the truth by using rea-
son; (2) what is natural is good and reasonable, and
human actions are shaped by natural laws; (3) act-
ing according to nature can bring happiness; (4) by
taking a scientific view, people and society can
make progress and advance to a better life; and (5)
by using reason, people can gain freedom.
The most brilliant of the philosophes was the
writer Voltaire. He fought for tolerance, reason,
freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech.
Baron de Montesquieu wrote about separation of
powers-dividing power among the separate
branches of government. The third great
philosophe was Jean Jacques Rousseau. He wrote
in favor of human freedom. He wanted a society in
slaves?"
Enlightenment ideas strongly influenced the
American and French Revolutions. Enlightenment
thinkers also helped spread the idea of progress. By
using reason, they said, it is possible to make soci-
ety better. Enlightenment thinkers helped make
the world less religious and more worldly. They
also stressed the importance of the individual.
3. Explain the influence of Enlightenment ideas.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fcfbf69c6-d4f7-4839-81ac-a390d2d9cdff%2F14b75b96-c995-4082-b6e4-13b9e0bca863%2F4gkn3dr_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:which all people were equal. Cesare Beccaria was
an Italian philosphe. He spoke out against abrīšes
of justice.
could live in a safe and orderly way. The best gov-
ernment, he said, is that of a strong king who can
force all people to obey.
John Locke believed that people have three
natural rights. They are life, liberty, and property.
The purpose of government is to protect these
rights. When it fails to do so, he said, people have
a right to overthrow the government.
2. Name the types of freedoms that Enlightenment
thinkers championed.
Women and the Enlightenment;
Legacy of the Enlightenment
(pages 199-201)
1. How were Hobbes's and Locke's views different?
The Philosophes Advocate
Reason (pages 196–198)
What were Enlightenment views
about individuals?
Many Enlightenment thinkers held traditional
views about women's place in society. They wanted
equal rights for all men but paid no attention to the
fact that women did not have such rights. Some
women protested this unfair situation. "If all men
are born free," stated British writer Mary.
Wollstonecraft, "how is it that all women are born
Who were the philosophes?
French thinkers called philosophes had five main.
beliefs: (1) thinkers can find the truth by using rea-
son; (2) what is natural is good and reasonable, and
human actions are shaped by natural laws; (3) act-
ing according to nature can bring happiness; (4) by
taking a scientific view, people and society can
make progress and advance to a better life; and (5)
by using reason, people can gain freedom.
The most brilliant of the philosophes was the
writer Voltaire. He fought for tolerance, reason,
freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech.
Baron de Montesquieu wrote about separation of
powers-dividing power among the separate
branches of government. The third great
philosophe was Jean Jacques Rousseau. He wrote
in favor of human freedom. He wanted a society in
slaves?"
Enlightenment ideas strongly influenced the
American and French Revolutions. Enlightenment
thinkers also helped spread the idea of progress. By
using reason, they said, it is possible to make soci-
ety better. Enlightenment thinkers helped make
the world less religious and more worldly. They
also stressed the importance of the individual.
3. Explain the influence of Enlightenment ideas.
![I8H 2 (pages 195–201)
TERMS AND NAMES
The Enlightenment
in Europe
Enlightenment Age of Reason
social contract According to Thomas
Hobbes, an agreement people make
with government
John Locke Philosopher who wrote
about government
philosophes Social critics in France
Voltaire Writer who fought for
tolerance, reason, freedom of
religious belief, and freedom of
speech
Montesquieu French writer
concerned with government and
political liberty
Rousseau Enlightenment thinker who
championed freedom
Mary Wollstonecraft Author who.
wrote about women's rights
BEFORE YOU READ
In the last section, you read how the Scientific Revolution
began in Europe.
In this section, you will learn how the Enlightenment
began in Europe.
AS YOU READ
Use the chart below to take notes on important
Enlightenment ideas.
THINKER
IDEA
Hobbes
social contract between people
and government
English writers-Thomas Hobbes and John
Locke-were important to this movement. They
came to very different conclusions about govern-
ment and human nature.
Hobbes wrote that there would be a war of
Two Views on Government
(pages 195–196)
What were the views of
Hobbes and Locke?
,"every man against every man" if there were no
government. To avoid this war, Hobbes said, peo-
The Enlightenment was an intellectual move-
ment. Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply rea-
.son and the scientific method to laws that shaped ple formed a social contract. It was an agreement
human actions. They hoped to build a society
founded on ideas of the Scientific Revolution. Two
between people and their government. People
gave up their rights to the government so they
mT AND BFYOLUTION 65
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fcfbf69c6-d4f7-4839-81ac-a390d2d9cdff%2F14b75b96-c995-4082-b6e4-13b9e0bca863%2Fjboms4r_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:I8H 2 (pages 195–201)
TERMS AND NAMES
The Enlightenment
in Europe
Enlightenment Age of Reason
social contract According to Thomas
Hobbes, an agreement people make
with government
John Locke Philosopher who wrote
about government
philosophes Social critics in France
Voltaire Writer who fought for
tolerance, reason, freedom of
religious belief, and freedom of
speech
Montesquieu French writer
concerned with government and
political liberty
Rousseau Enlightenment thinker who
championed freedom
Mary Wollstonecraft Author who.
wrote about women's rights
BEFORE YOU READ
In the last section, you read how the Scientific Revolution
began in Europe.
In this section, you will learn how the Enlightenment
began in Europe.
AS YOU READ
Use the chart below to take notes on important
Enlightenment ideas.
THINKER
IDEA
Hobbes
social contract between people
and government
English writers-Thomas Hobbes and John
Locke-were important to this movement. They
came to very different conclusions about govern-
ment and human nature.
Hobbes wrote that there would be a war of
Two Views on Government
(pages 195–196)
What were the views of
Hobbes and Locke?
,"every man against every man" if there were no
government. To avoid this war, Hobbes said, peo-
The Enlightenment was an intellectual move-
ment. Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply rea-
.son and the scientific method to laws that shaped ple formed a social contract. It was an agreement
human actions. They hoped to build a society
founded on ideas of the Scientific Revolution. Two
between people and their government. People
gave up their rights to the government so they
mT AND BFYOLUTION 65
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
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