1. Explain the opportunity cost principle and the interdependence principle in your own words. Give an example of someone making economic decisions using the opportunity cost principle, and someone making economic decisions using the interdependence principle. You must not use the same examples given in the textbook.
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- 2. Below is a production possibilities frontier (PPF) for Happyland, acountry that produces only two goods- wine and cheese. wine cheese a) Explain what the production possibilities frontier is and how it illustrates scarcity. b) What happens to the marginal opportunity costof cheese production in Happyland as the country increases its cheese production? (increase, decrease, unchanged or indeterminate?) Explain how you can tell this from the PPFand why it happens. c) Briefly describe two specific policies the government of Happyland could undertake to shift out their PPF in future periods. (By specific policies, I mean something they can actually do to change productivity for either or both of these goods. "Increase resources," for example, is not a specific policy. What resources and what type of policy could increase the resources used for either of these products?)The first principle of economics in Chapter 1 is thatpeople face trade-offs. Use a production possibilitiesfrontier to illustrate society’s trade-off between two“goods”—a clean environment and the quantity ofindustrial output. What do you suppose determinesthe shape and position of the frontier? Show whathappens to the frontier if engineers develop anew way of producing electricity that emits fewerpollutantsThe first principle of economics in Chapter 1 is thatpeople face trade-offs. Use a production possibilitiesfrontier to illustrate society’s trade-off between two“goods”—a clean environment and the quantity ofindustrial output. What do you suppose determinesthe shape and position of the frontier? Show whathappens to the frontier if engineers develop anew way of producing electricity that emits fewerpollutants cars. In an hour, Larry can either mow one lawn orwash one car; Moe can either mow one lawn or washtwo cars; and Curly can either mow two lawns orwash one car.a. Calculate how much of each service is producedin the following scenarios, which we label A, B,C, and D:• All three spend all their time mowing lawns. (A)• All three spend all their time washing cars. (B)• All three spend half their time on each activity. (C)• Larry spends half his time on each activity, whileMoe only washes cars and Curly only mowslawns. (D)b. Graph the production possibilities frontier for thiseconomy.…
- A budget constraint model differs from production possibilities model in that, typically O only the budget constraint depicts an inverse relationship, or a trade-off. The budget constraint shows how scarcity applies to producers O only the budget constraint demonstrates diminishing returns. only the production possibilities model demonstrates diminishing returns.Which has a good example of an opportunity cost? Which one is an example of economically rational decision-making? 1. "To begin, I began selling prints of my pictures in 2019 throughout 2020. It's now closed. USPS and UPS were the options I had during this period to ship out orders. UPS was expensive at the moment for smaller or lightweight packages whereas USPS offered a cheap price for these types of packages. UPS ships more than 220 internationally while USPS ships to certain international destinations. I have chosen USPS over UPS, orders were delivered on time and without damage by the United States Postal Service. The opportunity cost is the benefit of UPS shipping. " 2. "To begin, I began selling prints of my pictures in 2019 throughout 2020. USPS and UPS were the options I had during this period to ship out orders. I chose to ship my orders via UPS rather than USPS since it had the choice to ship orders internationally. While USPS is cheap and has fast shipping. Shipping the…1. Scarcity, opportunity cost, and marginakanalysis Kate is training for a triathlon, a timed race that combines swimming, biking, and running. Consider the following sentence: Kate has only 20 hours this week that she can devote to training. Each hour she spends swimming is an hour that she can't spend biking or running. Which basic principle of individual choice do these statements best illustrate? O Kate has an incentive to spend more time on swimming than on biking or running. O People usually exploit opportunities to make themselves better off. O People face trade-offs. O Kate can use time most efficiently by spending the same amounts of time on swimming, biking, and running.
- 2. You are offered the opportunity to work as a tutor in Introductory Microeconomics. You estimate your total opportunity cost from doing different numbers of hours of tutorials to be the amounts shown in the Table below. Payment for tutorials is $100 for the first hour each week, and $75 for every subsequent hour. How many hours of tutoring would you choose to do each week if you are a rational decision-maker? Hours of tutoring per week 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total Opportunity cost 0 $40 $90 $150 $220 $300Option Baseball Bats Tennis Racquets A 20 2 19 C 4 18 6. 16 8 10 F 10 The table above shows the production possibilities frontier for a company producing only 2 goods: baseball bats and tennis racquets. Suppose the company is currently producing 4 bats and 10 racquets all of which have been ordered by customers. If customer John puts in an order for 4 bats, so that the total number of bats to produce would then be 8, what is be the opportunity cost of filling John's order? 8 racquets 10 racquets nothing 18 racquets5. Opportunity cost and production possibilities Sam is a talented artist who sells hand-crafted goods on his website. Sam currently crafts and sells both crochet hats and pillows. He spends 8 hours a day working on crafts. The following table gives different daily output scenarios depending on how much of his time is spent on each good. Choice A B C D E PILLOWS 30 25 20 On the following graph, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot Sam's initial production possibilities frontier (PPF). 15 10 5 0 Hours Crafting Produced (Crochet hats) (Pillows) (Crochet hats) (Pillows) 0 0 9 15 17 18 0 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 2 4 6 8 4 5 CROCHET HATS 4 3 2 6 1 0 7 8 Initial PPF A New PPF (?)
- 1. Scarcity, opportunity cost, and marginal analysis Musashi is training for a biathlon, a winter racing sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. Consider the following scenario: Because his ski training sessions are helping him quickly improve at skiing, Musashi plans to reduce the time he spends training at the shooting range by an hour, and increase the time he spends skiing by an hour. However, his training partner says that he should pause all shooting practice and spend the entire 15 hours this week in the pool. Which basic principle of individual choice does Musashi's plan illustrate that his training partner's advice does not? Many decisions are made on the margin. People usually exploit opportunities to make themselves better off. Resources are scarce. All costs are opportunity costs.Sue Tom Good A 10 4 Select one: Good B 15 5 As shown in the table above, Sue and Tom each can produce two different types of goods. For Sue, if she only produces Good A, then she can produce 10 units of Good A per day. If she only produces Good B, then she can produce 15 units of Good B per day. For Tom, if he only produces Good A, then she can produce 4 units of Good A per day. If she only produces Good B, then she can produce 5 units of Good B per day. Which of the following statement is correct about comparative advantage? O a. Tom has a comparative advantage over Sue in the production of Good A. Sue has a comparative advantage over Tom in the production of Good B O b. Tom has a comparative advantage over Sue in both tasks O c. Sue has a comparative advantage over Tom in both tasks O d. Sue has a comparative advantage over Tom in the production of Good A. Tom has a comparative advantage over Sue in the production of Good BDescribe the linkage between “Scarcity” and each of the following;i. Choiceii. Opportunity Costiii. Competition