1. Explain how the energy content of food and energy expenditure are measured directly and indirectly. 2. How are the most accurate estimates of energy intake and expenditure made?

Q: Describe the development of the urinary bladder.

A: The urinary bladder is a temporary reservoir for urine storage. It is situated posterior to the…

Q: The changes of the epithelium are observed at the patient after prolonged inflammation of the nasal…

A: Epithelial tissues are one of the four major tissue types in the human body (the rest 3 are muscle…

Q: The formation of oxyhemoglobin at the alveoli requires high pO2, less H+, low pCO2, and decreased…

A: Introduction: Hemoglobin mixes with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin, which is denoted by the symbol…

Q: Describe the structural characteristics and function of the parathyroid glands.  Describe the…

A: Parathyroid glands are located in the neck of the humans. There are four parathyroid glands which…

Q: roite the difference between the nicotinic and muscarinic action of acetylcholine.

A: Nerve cells in our body usually transmitte information rapidly between each other by burst of small…

Q: Innate immunity mounts a stronger and faster response after every subsequent encounter with a…

A: A part of adaptive immunity, humoral immunity produces specialized immune responses to a particular…

Q: Describe the location and process of spermatogenesis (the creation of the gamete) § where it occurs…

A: What is spermatogenesis? Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm (male gamates) formation from…

Q: Which type of buffer systems eliminates strong acids from the body? Chemical buffers Carbonic acid…

A: A buffer is a substance that withstands pH fluctuations. Buffers play a crucial role in human…

Q: Question 7 The first neurons in the spinothalamic tract cross immediately upon entering the spinal…

A: Spinothalamic tract It refers to one of the most important pathways of the nervous system. It lies…

Q: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder. Tag the statement true or false.

A: Introduction: An autoimmune illness arises when the immune system mistakenly targets and kills…

Q: explain the causes for Multiple sclerosis disease

A: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, specifically…

Q: Succus entericus is referred to as 1) Chyme 2) Pancreatic juice 3) Intestinal juice 4) Gastric…

A: Introduction: Once the food is consumed through the mouth, it undergoes chemical and mechanical…

Q: A normal lumbosacral angle (as typically measured on x-ray) is O 30-50 degrees O 50-75 degrees O…

A: The lumbosacral angle describes the degree between the lumbar and sacral portions of the spine.  The…

Q: Urinary tract infections are much more common in women than in men, largely due to a shorter in the…

A: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infection, affecting around 150…

Q: Question 19 The head of the 6th rib attaches to which of the following structures? O T6 costal…

A: T5 superior costal demifacet.  The superior costal demifacet at T5 is where the head of the sixth…

Q: 52) to cool the body, sweat evaporates from the skin and ........? a) heart rate increases b)…

A: Mammals are homeothermic animals that always try to maintain a constant body temperature independent…

Q: What is the hyoid bone and the purpose it serves?

A: Bone It refers to a rigid organ that possess part of the skeleton in vertebrates. Bones perform…

Q: A 100-um diameter nerve axon has the following properties: rm = 2.5 x 104 ohm x cm, ri = 1 x 105…

A: The resting Vm is the membrane potential when no current is flowing through the axon. It is the…

Q: 1. Describe the mediastinum? 2. What is a body cavity? 3. What is physiology?

A: Mediastinum  It is the space which is responsible for holding the heart and other vital structures.

Q: A patient is admitted to the hospital after having a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) otherwise…

A: The nervous system is a very intricate and delicate system that forms an association of neurons…

Q: cardiac action potential with the normal ECG tracings. compare the patient's ECG tracing with the…

A: The cardiac action potential is the electrical activity of the heart cells that drives the…

Q: Explain the control of the heart by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

A: Autonomic control of heart is quite essential and central to the altered functioning of heart with…

Q: Briefly mention the types of abdominal hernia.

A: Introduction: The hernia is a protrusion of any of the abdominal contents through any of its walls.…

Q: The knee joint has the greatest range of motion in which of the following movements? OAbduction…

A: It is a synovial joint and has comprised of synovial fluid between the two bones and this fluid…

Q: where, in the three different sections of the integumentary system the hair follicle is in.

A: Hair follicles are present in the reticular dermis. The skin has three layers: 1) Epidermis- the…

Q: Describe the directional terms below: Anterior Posterior Midline Lateral Medial Superior…

A: Introduction: The placement of structures with respect to other structures or locations in the body…

Q: Explain why it is important to study other organisms along with humans?

A: The evolutionary history of an organism helps in tracking the evolutionary relations of a particular…

Q: True of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction: Basophils release histamine granules, which leads to…

A: Option 1, 3 and 4 are not appropriate . # An invading allergen interacts with IgE immunoglobulins…

Q: Explain saltatory conduction in your own words. Which anatomical structures are important for this…

A: Nerve impulse conduction is the process by which a nerve impulse is sent across the neuronal…

Q: The multifidi insert onto spinous processes _______ segments superior to its origin. 1-2 O2-4 4-6 O…

A: The transversospinal group of deep back muscles includes the semispinalis, rotatores, and a…

Q: 3) which of the following is the correct sequence of events during ventricular systole? 1- AV valves…

A: The human heart's activity from the start of one heartbeat to the start of the next is known as the…

Q: Which endocrine gland DOES NOT have a primary function outside of the Endocrine System? 1.…

A: The endocrine system comprises of several endocrine glands; these glands are responsible for the…

Q: 15. The urinary bladder is composed of interwoven smooth muscles called: A. Deltoid muscle B.…

A: "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first two questions for you. If you want…

Q: Describe the hormonal control of oogenesis including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (which…

A: Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes are created. Before birth, this process starts…

Q: Drag the labels onto the diagram to categorize the processes and location of negative feedback in…

A: Homeostasis is the process that helps species in maintaining stable inner and outer conditions for…

Q: time dependency of Na and k currents that flow during the action potential

A: The action potential of a neuron can be thought of as a series of changes in the electrical…

Q: The role of pancreatic hormones in the regulation of body functions.

A: Introduction: The pancreas is a digestive system's accessory organ and exocrine gland, as well as a…

Q: Describe the process of oogenesis

A: What is oogenesis? Oogenesis is the process of formation of female gametes eggs. Oogenesis occurs in…

Q: 5. Locate the teeth and the gingiva. What roles do these structures play in digestion?

A: Digestion is a crucial body procedure that allows the breakdown of large, complex molecules into…

Q: Sodium, chloride, and potassium ions are involved in setting up voltages across neuronal membranes.…

A: The voltage difference between an intracellular space and the extracellular space is known as a…

Q: effect of exercise on cardiopulmonary function

A: The effects of exercise on cardiopulmonary function: Exercise places a far greater strain on the…

Q: How can we differentiate between the "small and large intestine" sonographically?

A: The human digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; also known as the…

Q: describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory. ?

A: The sense organ that exists in pairs and is located on the face region below the forehead is called…

Q: 2) in response to an increase in BP, ANP secretion will ....... causing a(n) ........ urine…

A: The NPPA gene in humans encodes the natriuretic peptide hormone known as atrial natriuretic peptide…

Q: List the parts of a typical long bone?

A: Bones are one of the most important part of the skeleton system. These are living, calcified…

Q: Calculate the digestibility of the DM, OM, Ash, CP, CF, and NFE fraction of the diet. Assume on EE…

A: To calculate the digestibility of the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP),…

Q: D Question 29 Which tissues would be penetrated while performing an epidural injection? O ligamentum…

A: Epidural space is the potential space between dura mater and vertebra.  An injection of a medication…

Q: Name the neuroglia and describe their roles

A: The nervous system is an intricate network of neural cells, the brain and the spinal cord. The…

Q: Complete the following: 1. The tarsals are 2. The esophagus is 3. The subcutaneous region is 4. The…

A: Anatomical position, also known as conventional anatomical posture, is the position of the body when…

Q: Name the 3 components of the blastocyst at the time of implantation and what into what do they…

A: As per the Q & A guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question. Please repost other…