1. Draw and label a diagram that shows the organization of the glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation within the cell.
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- In the following diagram of glycolysis. Identify the steps that are amphibolic, taking place in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Also, identify the regulated steps and what compounds act as regulators.Identify the 4 steps of gluconeogenesis that are different from glycolysis. Write the reactants, enzymes, cofactors/coenzymes and products involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway.1a. If you wanted you could take a glucose molecule and convert it to pyruvate via glycolysis and convert it back to glucose via gluconeogenesis. What is the cost of doing so in ATP equivalents? Show how you determine the cost via reactions (no structures). Explain in bioenergetic terms how the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis overcomes the large, negative standard free- energy change of the pyruvate kinase reaction in glycolysis. b. C. The consumption of alcohol (ethanol), especially after periods of strenuous activity or after not eating for several hours, results in a deficiency of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hypoglycemia. The first step in the metabolism of ethanol by the liver is oxidation to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase: CH3CH2OH + NAD+ -> CH3CHO + NADH + H+ Explain how this reaction inhibits the transformation of lactate to pyruvate. Why does this lead to hypoglycemia?
- Explain why gluconeogenesis is not the mere reversal of glycolysis. Give at least 3 reasons to support your answer. The answer must include the terms; endergonic, exergonic, reciprocal regulation, and futile cycle.36. What is the CORRECT order of cellular respiration events? Group of answer choices glycolysis—pyruvate oxidation—Krebs cycle—oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis—Krebs cycle—pyruvate oxidation--oxidative phosphorylation Krebs cycle—oxidative phosphorylation--glycolysis—pyruvate oxidation Krebs cycle—glycolysis--oxidative phosphorylation—pyruvate oxidation1) How many net ATP molecules are gained from glycolysis of 1 glucose molecule?
- Outline the basic steps in glycolysis, indicating where ATP is usedand where it is given off.Review your understanding of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation by classifying each characteristic below according to its pathway for cellular energy transfer. Enzyme location: Mitochondrial matrix Final product: Pyruvate (under aerobic conditions) Entering substrates: Acetyl coenzyme A and some amino acid intermediates ATP production: 3 ATP from each NADH + H+ and 2 ATP from each FADH2 Entering substrates: glucose and other monosaccharides Final product 2 CO2 for each acetyl coenzyme A Final product: Intermediates used for amino acid/organic molecule synthesis Enzyme location: Cytosol Coenzyme production: 3 NADH + 3H- and 1 FADH2 Coenzyme production: 2 NADH + 2 H (under aerobic conditions) ATP production: 2 per glucose molecule ATP production: 1 GTP formed directly can be converted to ATP Entering substrates Hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen Final product H2O - one molecule for each pair of hydrogen ions Enzyme location: Inner mitochondrial membrane Final…Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucose
- Identify all of the inputs and outputs for glycolysis, krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. What are the regulatory steps of these pathways and what do the key regulatory enzymes control? What compounds inhibit/activate these enzymes?1. Diagram the connection of the following pathways: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogen degradation. Use key intermediate names, pathway names and arrows in your diagram.e 5: The third step of the pathway glycolysis is made up of the two following reactions. i. Fructose-6-phosphate + Pi Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate + H₂O 4Gº' = +16.3 kJ/mol ATP_____+ H₂O → ADP Pi AGO¹ = 30.5 kJ/mol What would be the AGO' for the production of Fructose-6-P and ATP? OAGO' = - 30.5 kJ/mol AGO' AGO' = + 16.3 kJ/mol AGO'= - 14.2 kJ/mol AGO' = 46.8 kJ/mol None of the given answers.