1. Do Black and White Americans have the same average income? 2. Do Males and Females have the same average income? Use interpretations of the confidence intervals and effect sizes to answer the questions.

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1. Do Black and White Americans have the same average income?

2. Do Males and Females have the same average income?

Use interpretations of the confidence intervals and effect sizes to answer the questions.

### Educational Analysis of Household Income by Gender

#### Group Statistics

This section presents the income statistics by gender:

- **Males:**
  - **Sample Size (N):** 476
  - **Mean Income:** $32,737.37
  - **Standard Deviation:** $23,710.038
  - **Standard Error Mean:** $1,086.748

- **Females:**
  - **Sample Size (N):** 507
  - **Mean Income:** $20,793.89
  - **Standard Deviation:** $15,915.295
  - **Standard Error Mean:** $706.823

#### Independent Samples Test

This test evaluates the significance of income differences between genders.

- **Levene's Test for Equality of Variances:**
  - **F:** 54.564
  - **Sig. (Significance Level):** 0.000

- **t-test for Equality of Means:**
  - *Equal variances assumed:*
    - **t:** 9.039
    - **Degrees of Freedom (df):** 981
    - **Sig. (2-tailed):** 0.000
    - **Mean Difference:** $11,578.488
    - **Standard Error Difference:** 1,280.978
    - **Confidence Interval (95%):** Lower $9,064.717, Upper $14,092.260

  - *Equal variances not assumed:*
    - **t:** 8.931
    - **Degrees of Freedom (df):** 823.531
    - **Sig. (2-tailed):** 0.000
    - **Mean Difference:** $11,578.488
    - **Standard Error Difference:** 1,296.387
    - **Confidence Interval (95%):** Lower $9,033.876, Upper $14,123.100

#### Independent Samples Effect Sizes

This section provides various effect size estimates:

- **Cohen's d:**
  - **Standardizer:** 20,071.150
  - **Point Estimate:** 0.577
  - **95% Confidence Interval:** Lower 0.449, Upper 0.704

- **Hedges' correction:**
  - **Standardizer:** 20,086.511
  - **Point Estimate
Transcribed Image Text:### Educational Analysis of Household Income by Gender #### Group Statistics This section presents the income statistics by gender: - **Males:** - **Sample Size (N):** 476 - **Mean Income:** $32,737.37 - **Standard Deviation:** $23,710.038 - **Standard Error Mean:** $1,086.748 - **Females:** - **Sample Size (N):** 507 - **Mean Income:** $20,793.89 - **Standard Deviation:** $15,915.295 - **Standard Error Mean:** $706.823 #### Independent Samples Test This test evaluates the significance of income differences between genders. - **Levene's Test for Equality of Variances:** - **F:** 54.564 - **Sig. (Significance Level):** 0.000 - **t-test for Equality of Means:** - *Equal variances assumed:* - **t:** 9.039 - **Degrees of Freedom (df):** 981 - **Sig. (2-tailed):** 0.000 - **Mean Difference:** $11,578.488 - **Standard Error Difference:** 1,280.978 - **Confidence Interval (95%):** Lower $9,064.717, Upper $14,092.260 - *Equal variances not assumed:* - **t:** 8.931 - **Degrees of Freedom (df):** 823.531 - **Sig. (2-tailed):** 0.000 - **Mean Difference:** $11,578.488 - **Standard Error Difference:** 1,296.387 - **Confidence Interval (95%):** Lower $9,033.876, Upper $14,123.100 #### Independent Samples Effect Sizes This section provides various effect size estimates: - **Cohen's d:** - **Standardizer:** 20,071.150 - **Point Estimate:** 0.577 - **95% Confidence Interval:** Lower 0.449, Upper 0.704 - **Hedges' correction:** - **Standardizer:** 20,086.511 - **Point Estimate
**Group Statistics**

- **Respondent Household Income (in $)**
  - **Race of Respondent**
    - **WHITE**: 
      - **N**: 856
      - **Mean**: 27174.65
      - **Std. Deviation**: 21441.359
      - **Std. Error Mean**: 732.851
    - **BLACK**: 
      - **N**: 127
      - **Mean**: 21183.07
      - **Std. Deviation**: 15702.797
      - **Std. Error Mean**: 1393.398

**Independent Samples Test**

- **Levene's Test for Equality of Variances**
  - **F**: 8.237
  - **Sig.**: 0.004

- **t-test for Equality of Means**
  - **Equal variances assumed**: 
    - **t**: 3.030
    - **df**: 981
    - **Sig. (2-tailed)**: 0.003
    - **Mean Difference**: 5991.579
    - **Std. Error Difference**: 1977.233
    - **95% Confidence Interval of the Difference**: 
      - **Lower**: 2111.485
      - **Upper**: 9871.672

  - **Equal variances not assumed**: 
    - **t**: 3.806
    - **df**: 203.059
    - **Sig. (2-tailed)**: 0.000
    - **Mean Difference**: 5991.579
    - **Std. Error Difference**: 1574.366
    - **95% Confidence Interval of the Difference**: 
      - **Lower**: 2887.377
      - **Upper**: 9095.780

**Independent Samples Effect Sizes**

- **Standardizera**
  - **Cohen's d**
    - **Standardizer**: 20793.131
    - **Point Estimate**: 0.288
    - **95% Confidence Interval Lower**: 0.101
    - **Upper**: 0.475

  - **Hedges' correction**
    - **Standardizer**: 208
Transcribed Image Text:**Group Statistics** - **Respondent Household Income (in $)** - **Race of Respondent** - **WHITE**: - **N**: 856 - **Mean**: 27174.65 - **Std. Deviation**: 21441.359 - **Std. Error Mean**: 732.851 - **BLACK**: - **N**: 127 - **Mean**: 21183.07 - **Std. Deviation**: 15702.797 - **Std. Error Mean**: 1393.398 **Independent Samples Test** - **Levene's Test for Equality of Variances** - **F**: 8.237 - **Sig.**: 0.004 - **t-test for Equality of Means** - **Equal variances assumed**: - **t**: 3.030 - **df**: 981 - **Sig. (2-tailed)**: 0.003 - **Mean Difference**: 5991.579 - **Std. Error Difference**: 1977.233 - **95% Confidence Interval of the Difference**: - **Lower**: 2111.485 - **Upper**: 9871.672 - **Equal variances not assumed**: - **t**: 3.806 - **df**: 203.059 - **Sig. (2-tailed)**: 0.000 - **Mean Difference**: 5991.579 - **Std. Error Difference**: 1574.366 - **95% Confidence Interval of the Difference**: - **Lower**: 2887.377 - **Upper**: 9095.780 **Independent Samples Effect Sizes** - **Standardizera** - **Cohen's d** - **Standardizer**: 20793.131 - **Point Estimate**: 0.288 - **95% Confidence Interval Lower**: 0.101 - **Upper**: 0.475 - **Hedges' correction** - **Standardizer**: 208
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