Suppose we want to test for an association between smoking behavior (non-smoker, current smoker, or past smoker) and gender (male or female). Run the chi-square test for 95% confidence interval and interpret your answer. Case Processing Summary
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
![2. Suppose we want to test for an association between smoking behavior (non-smoker, current
smoker, or past smoker) and gender (male or female). Run the chi-square test for 95% confidence
interval and interpret your answer.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
Percent
N
Percent
N
Percent
Gender * Smoking
402
92.4%
33
7.6%
435
100.0%
Gender * Smoking Crosstabulation
Count
Smoking
current
Non-smoker
past smoker
smoker
Total
Gender
male
149
13
31
193
female
148
24
37
209
Total
297
37
68
402
Symmetric Measures
Chi-Square Tests
Approximate
Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)
Asymptot c
Standard
Error
Approuimate
Significance
Value
Value
df
Pearson Chi-Square
3.171
.205
Interval by Interval Pearson's R
053
060
1.052
293
Likelihood Ratio
3.217
2
.200
Ordinal ky Ordinal Speaman Comelation
065
050
1.294
196*
Linear-by-Linear
Association
1.106
293
Nof Valid Cases
402
N of Valid Cases
402
a. Not as suming the nul ypothesis.
a. O cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 17.76.
t. Using the asymptotic stand ard eor assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal aporoimation](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F585e97d5-b80b-4c3a-bf08-8d6498f8de27%2Fc65d215c-4b91-468f-9025-550328e2298c%2Fx4sr5ri_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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