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- 2. Briefly describe the replication of Adenoviruses, Filoviruses, Picornaviruses, and Retroviruses viral families. This description should include the cell receptors (surface markers) they target and the methods by which new virus particles are released from infected cells.Aside from antibody-producing vaccines against spike proteins, describe or gicve at least 2 other therapeutic strategies that employ knowledge of pathways allowing viral entry into cells and/or mechanisms preventing replication of new viral particles after entry. 1. 2.4) What are the defining chemical features of the coronavirus? Is this an enveloped or non-enveloped virus? How does this impact our ability to neutralize the virus outside of the body? What type of nucleic acid does it contain? (RNA? DNA? Single-stranded? Double-stranded?) Are coronaviruses genetically stable or highly variable? How does this correlate with their genetic material?
- Compare and contrast the role and types of viral mutations in 1918 influenza type A virus and SARS-COV-2 in the respective pandemics, paying particular attention to: 1. causes of mutations 2. Key mutations responsible for generating highly pathogenic viral strain. 3. effects of mutated viral gene products on host immune system. 4. effects of newly emergent viral strain on virus spread worldwide.Which of the following statements are correct for retroviruses? Mark all that apply. A. Replication requires reverse transcriptase B.The viral genome acts as a template for production of viral proteins C.The genome consists of two identical strands of ssRNA D. Uncoating must occur for the virus to be replicated E. A provirus stage occurs during viral replication F. The genome consists of dsRNA Protease enzyme is required for biosynthesis and maturation of virions H. Replication requires RNA dependent RNA polymeraseHPV viruses have a distinct capability to evade confrontation with the human immune system? What are the basic virus properties responsible for this capability? (Give at least 3)
- 1, Describe the structure of the coronavirus and the process it uses to infect living cells and how the virus replicates.1. Use influenza as an example to explain why immune pathology significant, and why current treatments is (i.e. neuraminidase inhibitors such as Tamiflu) are not always effective. 2. Compare/contrast quantitating virus via PCR versus using a plaque assay. (/2). What are the requirements for each of them, and how might each of them be beneficial or not beneficial?3) Discuss the characteristics of retroviruses. How do they act? How is their action different from normal transcription? Give examples of retroviruses.
- 1. What are the viral properties of Coronavirus? What does it look like? (Provide a drawing/sketch) 2. Give a brief lab report about the properties of Coronavirus as an immunogen.5. Describe the structure of the HIV virion. Explain the replicative cycle and epidemiology of HIV.Multiple Matching. Select all descriptions that fit each type of virus. a. enveloped b. double-stranded RNA c. single-stranded RNA d. genome in segments e. icosahedral capsid f. helical nucleocapsid g. nonenveloped -orthomyxovirus - rhabdovirus - paramyxovirus . reovirus - morbillivirus - poliovirus .retrovirus .hantavirus