1. Consider the matrices -3 0 2-2 A₁ ¹ = ( ₁ ) ₁4₂ = ( −8 −2 ) ₁4₁ = ( −² − ²). 4 1 13 , , A3 0 -2 -2 2 These matrices can be used to build functions x¹ A₁x, x¹ A₂x, x¹ A3x, and x¹ A4r. These functions are represented (in an arbitrary order) in Figure 1. Match each matrix with its corresponding picture. (a) -5 -4 and 4₁ = (-). A4 -4 Explain briefly. (b) (c) Figure 1: Graphical representation of functions €

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# Matrix-Function Relationships

## Consider the Matrices

\[ A_1 = \begin{pmatrix} 4 & 1 \\ 1 & 3 \end{pmatrix}, \quad A_2 = \begin{pmatrix} -3 & 0 \\ 0 & -2 \end{pmatrix}, \quad A_3 = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & -2 \\ -2 & 2 \end{pmatrix}, \quad \text{and} \quad A_4 = \begin{pmatrix} -5 & -4 \\ -4 & 0 \end{pmatrix}. \]

These matrices can be used to build functions \( x^T A_1 x, x^T A_2 x, x^T A_3 x, \) and \( x^T A_4 x \). These functions are represented (in an arbitrary order) in Figure 1. Match each matrix with its corresponding picture.

### Figure 1: Graphical Representation of Functions

- **(a)** A surface plot showing a hyperbolic paraboloid shape spanning a positive and negative space, often associated with matrices having both positive and negative eigenvalues.

- **(b)** A surface plot depicting a relatively flat plane that descends uniformly, typically representative of negative definite matrices.

- **(c)** A surface plot with a dome-like upward curvature, usually indicating a positive definite matrix.

- **(d)** A surface plot showing a saddle shape, indicative of an indefinite matrix with both positive and negative eigenvalues.

In summary, these graphs illustrate the functions derived from the quadratic forms \( x^T A x \) for the given matrices. Each plot visually represents the nature of the quadratic form associated with matrices \( A_1, A_2, A_3, \) and \( A_4 \). Analyzing these can help understand the properties such as definiteness of the matrices.
Transcribed Image Text:# Matrix-Function Relationships ## Consider the Matrices \[ A_1 = \begin{pmatrix} 4 & 1 \\ 1 & 3 \end{pmatrix}, \quad A_2 = \begin{pmatrix} -3 & 0 \\ 0 & -2 \end{pmatrix}, \quad A_3 = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & -2 \\ -2 & 2 \end{pmatrix}, \quad \text{and} \quad A_4 = \begin{pmatrix} -5 & -4 \\ -4 & 0 \end{pmatrix}. \] These matrices can be used to build functions \( x^T A_1 x, x^T A_2 x, x^T A_3 x, \) and \( x^T A_4 x \). These functions are represented (in an arbitrary order) in Figure 1. Match each matrix with its corresponding picture. ### Figure 1: Graphical Representation of Functions - **(a)** A surface plot showing a hyperbolic paraboloid shape spanning a positive and negative space, often associated with matrices having both positive and negative eigenvalues. - **(b)** A surface plot depicting a relatively flat plane that descends uniformly, typically representative of negative definite matrices. - **(c)** A surface plot with a dome-like upward curvature, usually indicating a positive definite matrix. - **(d)** A surface plot showing a saddle shape, indicative of an indefinite matrix with both positive and negative eigenvalues. In summary, these graphs illustrate the functions derived from the quadratic forms \( x^T A x \) for the given matrices. Each plot visually represents the nature of the quadratic form associated with matrices \( A_1, A_2, A_3, \) and \( A_4 \). Analyzing these can help understand the properties such as definiteness of the matrices.
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