1) Provide an explanation for the way the following formula Ca5(PO4)3OH is written and provide the name of all the ions involved. (what do the subscripted numbers indicate, why is PO4 in brackets)
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
1) Provide an explanation for the way the following formula Ca5(PO4)3OH is written and provide the name of all the ions involved. (what do the subscripted numbers indicate, why is PO4 in brackets)
2)Thinking of the individual charges of the metal and polyatomic ions present in Ca5(PO4)3OH, can you explain why this compound is neutral? Show the working of how the charges balance each other out.
Q3. A compound has the general formula X2O, with X representing an unknown element or Ion and O representing oxygen. Which of the following could NOT be a name for this compound? Explain your answer.
a. sodium oxide
b. iron(II)oxide
c. copper(I)oxide
d. dinitrogen monoxide
e. water
Q4. Consider a hypothetical simple ion M2+. Determine the formula of the compound this ion would form with each of the following anions.
a. hydroxide
b. nitrite
Q5. A metal ion with 2+ charge has 23 electrons and forms a compound with a halogen ion that contains 17 protons.
a. what is the identity of the metal
b. what is the identity of the halogen ion?
c. determine the compound that it forms
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