Two simulations that were used are below: This activity is structured as a game, wherein your challenge is to create correct ionic compound formulas by combining individual ions based on their charges. Once you correctly connect the atoms in the interactive website, a common use for that compound will be revealed. In this worksheet, you must record both the correct formula for each of the seven ionic compounds and their common uses as revealed by the interactive program. Throughout the activity, you will have the option of skipping each compound – if you choose to do this, its common use will not be revealed. You must correctly write the formulas and match the common uses.Website for first simulation: https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/periodic/bondingClick “Begin” on the first page you see.For each compound name listed at the top of the interactive, choose the correct cation and anion which you think belong to the formula for that compound. For example: Sodium Chloride, click “Na+” and “Cl-“. 3. Drag one ion on top of the other until the two ions you want to connect are highlighted yellow. We recorded this info in a table. The second/last simulation:Open the following website: https://javalab.org/en/ion_model_en/Use the puzzle pieces to form the ionic compounds listed in data table 2, and then fill in data table 2 with that information. Write the formula for that compound and draw or copy and paste your completed puzzle for each ionic compound into the table. Scientific question: Why are compounds composed of integer ratios of elements? Hypothesis: If an atom ionizes to become a positive cation, then it will interact and bond with a negative anion to form an ionic bond. Outline the main idea of the paragraph. Use key words to clearly link to the scientific question. Write about what was done in the experiment to learn about the sytem and seek an answer to the scientific question. Discuss why this particular type of experiment was suitable to test the hypothesis. Include text based evidence from background research for support. Tie this experiment info back to the scientific question or hypothesis. Example of how to answer this is attached. To answer the scientific question, a virtual lab was used to increase the abundance of the Hydrogen-1 isotope. The virtual lab provides data on the average atomic mass and percent abundance, something that would not be possible in real life because it is not possible to change the abundance of Hydrogen-1 naturally. This experiment is suitable to test the hypothesis because it provides information on the percent abundance and average atomic mass and, it allows us to alter the abundance of Hydrogen-1. In the hypothesis, we are trying to see if an increase of Hydrogen-1 will increase the average atomic mass. The virtual simulation provides the necessary information to test that hypothesis and see if it is correct or incorrect. **Background Info****Lewis Dot Structures**Lewis dot structures were invented by a guy named Lewis. Each dot in a Lewis structure represents a valence electron, and each atom is denoted with its atomic symbol. To draw a Lewis structure, start with the atomic symbol in the middle, then put dots around the symbol until all the valence electrons are represented. Try to envision a box around the atom and spread all the electrons on each side of the box. The valence electrons should be drawn around the element symbol one on each side before pairing the electrons up. The maximum number of electrons that could be on one side of a Lewis structure is two, and the maximum number of electrons around an element symbol is eight. To figure out how many valence electrons each element has, use the Periodic Table. Remember, the number of valence electrons for Group A elements is equal to the Group A number the element is in on the Periodic Table.**Periodic Table Diagram**The diagram illustrates the periodic table with groups labeled, showing the number of valence electrons for elements in each group, useful for creating Lewis dot structures.**Modeling the Formation of Ionic Compounds**Modeling the formation of an ionic compound (and the chemical reaction that makes it) with Lewis dot structures can be done in just three easy steps.**Step 1, 2, 3 - Process Diagram**- Step 1: Neutral atoms of Aluminum (Al) and Chlorine (Cl).- Step 2: Electrons are transferred, forming ions (Al³⁺, Cl⁻).- Step 3: Resulting ions form AlCl₃ compound.**Monatomic vs. Polyatomic Ions**Ions that form are often monatomic. Polyatomic ions consist of more than one atom. Monatomic ions are single atoms that have gained or lost electrons. Polyatomic ions are a group of atoms. Example: A chloride ion (Cl⁻) is monatomic, while nitrate (NO₃⁻) is polyatomic.**Atomic Structure Explanation**For example, a chloride ion has 17 protons and 18 electrons. Chlorine atoms form ions by gaining an extra electron, often from another atom like sodium, forming Na⁺ and Cl⁻.**Importance of Charge Balance**In polyatomic ions, the overall charge must add up to zero. This balance helps determine chemical formulas.**Common Polyatomic Ions Table**The

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Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Two simulations that were used are below:

This activity is structured as a game, wherein your challenge is to create correct ionic compound formulas by combining individual ions based on their charges. Once you correctly connect the atoms in the interactive website, a common use for that compound will be revealed. In this worksheet, you must record both the correct formula for each of the seven ionic compounds and their common uses as revealed by the interactive program.

Throughout the activity, you will have the option of skipping each compound – if you choose to do this, its common use will not be revealed. You must correctly write the formulas and match the common uses.

Website for first simulation: https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/periodic/bonding

Click “Begin” on the first page you see.
For each compound name listed at the top of the interactive, choose the correct cation and anion which you think belong to the formula for that compound.

For example: Sodium Chloride, click “Na⁺” and “Cl^-“.

3. Drag one ion on top of the other until the two ions you want to connect are highlighted yellow. We recorded this info in a table.

The second/last simulation:

Open the following website: https://javalab.org/en/ion_model_en/

Use the puzzle pieces to form the ionic compounds listed in data table 2, and then fill in data table 2 with that information. Write the formula for that compound and draw or copy and paste your completed puzzle for each ionic compound into the table.

Scientific question:

Why are compounds composed of integer ratios of elements?

Hypothesis:

If an atom ionizes to become a positive cation, then it will interact and bond with a negative anion to form an ionic bond.

Outline the main idea of the paragraph. Use key words to clearly link to the scientific question. Write about what was done in the experiment to learn about the sytem and seek an answer to the scientific question. Discuss why this particular type of experiment was suitable to test the hypothesis. Include text based evidence from background research for support. Tie this experiment info back to the scientific question or hypothesis. Example of how to answer this is attached.

To answer the scientific question, a virtual lab was used to increase the abundance of the Hydrogen-1 isotope. The virtual lab provides data on the average atomic mass and percent abundance, something that would not be possible in real life because it is not possible to change the abundance of Hydrogen-1 naturally. This experiment is suitable to test the hypothesis because it provides information on the percent abundance and average atomic mass and, it allows us to alter the abundance of Hydrogen-1. In the hypothesis, we are trying to see if an increase of Hydrogen-1 will increase the average atomic mass. The virtual simulation provides the necessary information to test that hypothesis and see if it is correct or incorrect.

**Background Info**

**Lewis Dot Structures**

Lewis dot structures were invented by a guy named Lewis. Each dot in a Lewis structure represents a valence electron, and each atom is denoted with its atomic symbol. To draw a Lewis structure, start with the atomic symbol in the middle, then put dots around the symbol until all the valence electrons are represented. Try to envision a box around the atom and spread all the electrons on each side of the box. The valence electrons should be drawn around the element symbol one on each side before pairing the electrons up. The maximum number of electrons that could be on one side of a Lewis structure is two, and the maximum number of electrons around an element symbol is eight.

To figure out how many valence electrons each element has, use the Periodic Table. Remember, the number of valence electrons for Group A elements is equal to the Group A number the element is in on the Periodic Table.

**Periodic Table Diagram**

The diagram illustrates the periodic table with groups labeled, showing the number of valence electrons for elements in each group, useful for creating Lewis dot structures.

**Modeling the Formation of Ionic Compounds**

Modeling the formation of an ionic compound (and the chemical reaction that makes it) with Lewis dot structures can be done in just three easy steps.

**Step 1, 2, 3 - Process Diagram**

- Step 1: Neutral atoms of Aluminum (Al) and Chlorine (Cl).
- Step 2: Electrons are transferred, forming ions (Al³⁺, Cl⁻).
- Step 3: Resulting ions form AlCl₃ compound.

**Monatomic vs. Polyatomic Ions**

Ions that form are often monatomic. Polyatomic ions consist of more than one atom. Monatomic ions are single atoms that have gained or lost electrons. Polyatomic ions are a group of atoms.

Example: A chloride ion (Cl⁻) is monatomic, while nitrate (NO₃⁻) is polyatomic.

**Atomic Structure Explanation**

For example, a chloride ion has 17 protons and 18 electrons. Chlorine atoms form ions by gaining an extra electron, often from another atom like sodium, forming Na⁺ and Cl⁻.

**Importance of Charge Balance**

In polyatomic ions, the overall charge must add up to zero. This balance helps determine chemical formulas.

**Common Polyatomic Ions Table**

The

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