1- How does the sigma factor control whether it can start transcription together to give way to RNA polymerase before transcriptional elongation in prokaryotes take place on the sequence? Explain briefly.

Q: Why is the RNA polymerase/RNA/DNA duplex of the RNA polymerizing complex called transcription…

A: Transcription is the process of formation of an mRNA molecule from the DNA in the nucleus. It…

Q: What are the RNA polymerase heloenzyme transcribes are?

A: Enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of any chemical reaction without being used…

Q: Although initiation requires the sigma factor or sigma subunit be associated with the core RNA…

A: Transcription is a process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as template. Transcription occurs…

Q: What are RNA polymeraseIII in transcription in eukaryotes?

A: The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information through the…

Q: How were bacterial promoters first identified?  Discuss their placement within the gene and roles in…

A: Introduction :- The holoenzyme is a large molecular complex composed of RNA polymerase and…

Q: Describe Three Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases CatalyzeFormation of Different RNAs.

A: In eukaryotes transcription is achieved by three different types of RNA polymerase ,RNA (1-3). RNA…

Q: How does RNA polymerase know where to begin transcription?

A: The Terminator region of the DNA helps the RNA polymerase to end the transcription. Sigma factor…

Q: What kind of protein required for the initiation of transcription by RNApolymerase ?

A: Introduction  Transcription: it is the formation of transcript or RNA, which can be coding or…

Q: How does an activator protein help RNA polymerasebegin transcription?

A: Transcription is a process in which the nucleotide sequences of a gene are transcribed into the mRNA…

Q: What are the two main circumstances necessary for active transcription?

A: Every living organism has Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA has a recipe for synthesizing proteins.…

Q: How does the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II contribute to the…

A: C terminal  domain of RNA polymerase II consists of a block of seven amino acids with the consensus…

Q: What are the roles of sigma factor, rho factor, and an intrinsic terminator in transcription in…

A: Introduction: Transcription is the synthesis of single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) from the…

Q: At the molecular level, describe how σ factor recognizes a bacterial promoter. Be specific about the…

A: A sigma factor is a protein needed for the initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria. Sigma factor…

Q: The CTD of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II can be phosphorylated at multiple serine…

A: RNA (ribonucleic acid) polymerase II is the holoenzyme found in eukaryotes which promotes the gene…

Q: What are RNA polymeraseII in transcription in eukaryotes?

A: RNA polymerase {or the DNA dependent RNA polymerase} was discovered by Weiss and Hurwitz in the year…

Q: During eukaryote transcription initiation, when TFIIE, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, and RNA pol II all join…

A: Transcription factor is a protein that binds to a specific region in DNA that controls the…

Q: What require for Eukaryotic Transcription Initiation  ?

A: The transcription of DNA occurs in 3 major steps, initiation, elongation and termination. The…

Q: What is a functional consequence of RNA editing?

A: RNA editing is otherwise known as RNA modification for obvious reasons. The process deals with the…

Q: Describe the structures and main functions of mRNA, RNA and rRNA in translation Which RNA polymerase…

A: Ribonucleic Acids are nucleic acids composed of ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases.

Q: why is GTP hydrolysed in translation termination in bacteria? What are the by-products of…

A: The translation termination occurs when the stop codons are placed near the A site. These include…

Q: Discuss the two ways a bacterium can terminate transcription:  intrinsic and rho dependent.

A: Introduction :- Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is used to…

Q: What is the composition of minimal initiation complex during transcription? TBP, TAF, TFIIA, TFIIB,…

A: In eukaryotes several transcription factors are necessary for the basal expression of an eukaryotic…

Q: Explain how the Pyrococcus furiosus TrmBL1 transcriptionregulator is able to act as both an…

A: An activator is a regulator Pyrococcus furiosus substance that enhances the gene expression whereas…

Q: Please describe the procedures of initiation during transcription in bacteria.

A: Elongation of transcription begins after initiation where the dinucleotides are added to the mRNA…

Q: What advantage do alternative sigma factors have for bacterial gene expression?

A: Sigma factors are dissociable subunits of prokaryotic RNA polymerase that are required for its…

Q: A strain of bacteria possesses a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the sigma…

A: The microbiology studies about both the diseases causing microbes and beneficiary microbes, about…

Q: Explain about Formation of the RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation Complex ?

A: The process of transcription (synthesis of RNA from DNA) is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to…

Q: Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which…

A: The synthesis of nascent RNA is a discontinuous process in which phases of productive elongation by…

Q: What is the function of the sigma subunit in RNA polymerase?

A: RNA polymerase is the chief enzyme, which is involved in copying the coded genetic information from…

Q: Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which…

A: RNA is an acronym for ribonucleic acid, complex compound of high molecular weight that functions in…

Q: The initiation phase of eukaryotic transcription via RNA polymerase II is considered an assembly and…

A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…

Q: When an activator protein interacts with mediator, how does this affect the function of RNA…

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence,…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.