Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
Choose the correct option.
14.How many electrons are present in the nonbonding π molecular orbital of the allyl anion?
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
15.Which of the following statements concerning electrocyclic reactions is correct?
A)The ground state HOMO of a compound with an even number of conjugated double bonds is asymmetric.
B)The allowed mode of ring closure under thermal conditions for a molecule containing an even number of conjugated double bonds is disrotatory.
C)The allowed mode of ring closure under photochemical conditions for a molecule containing an odd number of conjugated double bonds is disrotatory.
D)both B and C
E)none of the above
16.Under thermal conditions,(2E,4Z)-hexadiene undergoes a ___ ring closure to yield ___.
A)conrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
B)conrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
C)disrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
D)disrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
17.Under photochemical conditions,(2E,4Z)-hexadiene undergoes a ___ ring closure to yield ___.
A)conrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
B)conrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
C)disrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
D)disrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
18.Under thermal conditions,(2E,4E)-hexadiene undergoes a ___ ring closure to yield ___.
A)conrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
B)conrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
C)disrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
D)disrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
19.Under photochemical conditions,(2E,4E)-hexadiene undergoes a ___ ring closure to yield ___.
A)conrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
B)conrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
C)disrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
D)disrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene
20.Which of the following statements best describes the term suprafacial?
A)formation of two sigma bonds from the same side of the pi system
B)formation of two pi bonds from the same side of the sigma system
C)formation of two sigma bonds from opposite sides of the pi system
D)formation of two pi bonds from opposite sides of the sigma system
E)an anti cycloaddition
21.Which of the following ring formations must involve a suprafacial bond formation?
A)four-membered ring
B)five-membered ring
C)six-membered ring
D)A and C
E)A,B and C
22.Which of the following statements about carbon migrations is correct?
A)Carbon migrations never occur by a sigmatropic rearrangement.
B)Under thermal conditions,a [1,3] carbon migration that occurs suprafacially must also occur with inversion of configuration at the migrating carbon.
C)Under thermal conditions,a [1,5] carbon migration that occurs suprafacially must also occur with inversion of configuration at the migrating carbon.
D)Under thermal conditions,a carbon migration that occurs suprafacially must occur with inversion no matter the system's symmetry.
E)B,C,and D
23.Under what conditions would a 1,3-hydrogen shift occur in a sigmatropic rearrangement?
A)thermal conditions
B)photochemical conditions
C)suprafacial pathway
D)A and C
E)B and C1.
24.Describe a Cope rearrangement.
A)[3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of a 1,5-diene
B)[1,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an
C)[3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an allyl vinyl ether
D)[1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement of a 1,3-diene
E)[2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an alkene
25.Describe a Claisen rearrangement.
A)[3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of a 1,5-diene
B)[1,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an alkene
C)[3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an allyl vinyl ether
D)[1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement of a 1,3-diene
E)[2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an alkene
26.Give the conditions for 1,3-hydrogen shifts.You may choose more than one answer.
A)suprafacial rearrangement
B)antarafacial rearrangement
C)thermal conditions
D)photochemical conditions
E)all of the above
27.Give the conditions for 1,5-hydrogen shifts.You may choose more than one answer.
A)suprafacial rearrangement
B)antarafacial rearrangement
C)thermal conditions
D)photochemical conditions
E)all of the above
28.Give the conditions for 1,7-hydrogen shifts.You may choose more than one answer.
A)suprafacial rearrangement
B)antarafacial rearrangement
C)thermal conditions
D)photochemical conditions
E)all of the above
29.Which of the following statements best describes what is meant by pericyclic reactions?
A)reactions in which a nucleophile reacts with an electrophile
B)reactions in which an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile
C)reactions in which a free radical reacts with another free radical
D)
E)reactions that occur as a result of a cyclic reorganization of electrons
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