. Susceptibility of the bacteria will be determined by observing for the production of plaques. Describe how these plaques are formed. Would the different strains/species of bacteria be susceptible to bacteriophage T2? Explain why b. How does a viral plaque compares to a bacterial colony?
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- . Susceptibility of the bacteria will be determined by observing for the production of plaques. Describe how these plaques are formed. Would the different strains/species of bacteria be susceptible to bacteriophage T2? Explain why b. How does a viral plaque compares to a bacterial colony? c. Which organism is identified by the use of bacitracin? What does the absence of bacterial growth around the bacitracin disc indicate?
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- a. List the bacteria from this chapter for which general, routine vaccines are given. b. For which special groups of bacteria are there vaccines? c. For which bacteria is there none?A bacterium can protect itself against antibiotics in different ways. Describe 4 fundamentally different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Discuss if there are any basics differences or similarities between these 4 mechanisms and if so describe these.A bacterium can protect itself against antibiotics in different ways. Describe 4 fundamentally differentmechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Discuss whether there are any basicdifferences or similarities between these 4 mechanisms and, if so, describe them.
- with HIV, explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you explain about the process? What is the significance of the CD4+ count? ( Discuss the meaning of various ranges of CD4 counts.) List 5 opportunistic infections AND describe data to suggest whether or not a patient has such an infection.. a. Compare the means by which retroviral and AAVvectors deliver therapeutic genes to human cells.b. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of eachof the two viral vectors.In antibiotics, define the terms bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal. What are the mechanism of action and resistance of beta-lactam antibiotic. What are the mechanism of action for one antibiotic effective against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
- Antibiotic resistance can be transferred from one bacterial cell to another. Describe how this process can occur.a) How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can help people against real virus infection. b) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and their entry process on host cells. Then, if you choose onetype of virus protein (spikes, nucleocapsid, membrane or envelope) should be used for vaccine,which is the best candidate? Why?Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds of bacterial meningi-tis cases during the first year of life but is still the number oneleading cause of mental retardation in patients who survive seri-ous disease due to permanent central nervous system disorders.What is the microorganism?(a) Haemophilus influenzae type B(b) Haemophilus influenzae type A(c) Neisseria meningitidis(d) Streptococcus pneumoniae(e) Listeria monocytogenes
- We have many antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections, but very few for viruses. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections? Hint: What would the targets for the drugs be?Describe an immunodeficiency that a person could have that would cause the immune system to select the incorrect immune response to Mycobacterium leprae.What gene would be mutated and how would this alter the immune response to this pathogen?refer to the picture explain in detail the type of centrifugation which you will use to seperate imunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G