. Some anaerobic bacteria use an alternative pathway for glucose catabolism, shown below, that converts glucose to acetate rather than to pyruvate. The first part of this pathway (glucose to fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate) is identical to the glycolytic pathway. In the second part of the alternative pathway, Enzymes 1-6 all have mechanisms/activities analogous to enzymes in glycolysis. Note that there are two C-C bond cleavage reactions in this new pathway: A-B + C(Enzyme 1) and C → B + D. All the steps where ATP is consumed or generated have been shown; however, the addition or loss of NAD* /NADH, P, H,0, or H* has not been shown explic- itly. Draw the structures for the intermediates B, F, G, H, and I, and include other reaction participants as needed. HK PGI PFK Glucose Glucose-6-P Fructose-6-P Fructose-1,-6-bisP АТР ADP АТР ADP "Isomerase" CH,-0-PO,- CH,-0-PO,2- ATP OH HC-OH HC-OH C=0 C=0 "Kinase" CH,OH HC-OH HC-OH CH,-0-PO,2- ADP B "Dehydrogenase" ADP ATP ADP 6 H "Dehydrogenase" "Kinase" "Kinase" Acetate ATP

. Some anaerobic bacteria use an alternative pathway for glucose catabolism, shown below, that converts glucose to acetate rather than to pyruvate. The first part of this pathway (glucose to fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate) is identical to the glycolytic pathway. In the second part of the alternative pathway, Enzymes 1-6 all have mechanisms/activities analogous to enzymes in glycolysis. Note that there are two C-C bond cleavage reactions in this new pathway: A-B + C(Enzyme 1) and C → B + D. All the steps where ATP is consumed or generated have been shown; however, the addition or loss of NAD* /NADH, P, H,0, or H* has not been shown explic- itly. Draw the structures for the intermediates B, F, G, H, and I, and include other reaction participants as needed. HK PGI PFK Glucose Glucose-6-P Fructose-6-P Fructose-1,-6-bisP АТР ADP АТР ADP "Isomerase" CH,-0-PO,- CH,-0-PO,2- ATP OH HC-OH HC-OH C=0 C=0 "Kinase" CH,OH HC-OH HC-OH CH,-0-PO,2- ADP B "Dehydrogenase" ADP ATP ADP 6 H "Dehydrogenase" "Kinase" "Kinase" Acetate ATP

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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The acid-catalysed conversion of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) into its lactone, γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is a reversible reaction. The GHBA to GBL forward reaction is first-order with respect to the GHBA concentration; the GBL to GHBA reverse reaction is first-order with respect to the GBL concentration. An experimental study of the kinetics of this reaction was undertaken in 0.2 mol L-1hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 298 K. The initial concentration of GHBA was 18.23 × 10-3mol L-1 . The concentration of GBL in solution was followed as a function of time (t), as indicated in Table B.3: Time/min 0 21 36 50 65 80 100 ∞ GBL Concentration / 10-3 L-1 0 2.41 3.73 4.96 6.10 7.08 8.11 13.28 Use the data in Table B.3 to determine the equilibrium constant and the first-order rate constants for both forward and reverse reactions.
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