. During a wound infection, the bacteria Clostridium perfringens produces collagenase, an enzyme that breaks apart collagen, as one of its virulence factors. What do you predict would be the most likely outcome of this collagenase production? A. Breakdown of connections and structure of the extracellular matrix B. Blockage of signal transduction C. Lysis of the phospholipid bilayer of cells D. Degradation of tight junctions
1. During a wound infection, the bacteria Clostridium perfringens produces collagenase, an enzyme that breaks apart collagen, as one of its virulence factors. What do you predict would be the most likely outcome of this collagenase production?
A. Breakdown of connections and structure of the extracellular matrix
B. Blockage of signal transduction
C. Lysis of the phospholipid bilayer of cells
D. Degradation of tight junctions
2 The primary cell wall of plants is made mostly of the structural carbohydrate ______, which is a
A. starch
B.cellulose
C.glycogen
D.peptidoglycan
3. The protein integrin binds to actin filaments and, by binding to proteins like fibronectins, connects to collagen. In this manner, integrin ______.
A.controls the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane
B. suspends organelles within the cytoplasm
C. provides a direct linkage between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix
D. helps keep individual cells in place and connects adjacent cells to each other
4. The cells making up the epithelial linings of organs that contain liquid, e.g., the bladder and intestines, could be expected to be held together via many ______ in order to provide a waterproof lining.
A. tight junctions
B. gap junctions
C. phospholipids
D. intermediate filaments
6. A researcher isolates and collects a particular cell membrane protein and injects a pure solution of these proteins into a laboratory animal. The laboratory animal most likely ______.
A. incorporates the proteins into its own cell membranes
B. digests the proteins as a food source
C. produces antibodies that bind specifically to that membrane protein
D. goes into shock and die
7. Researchers obtain a pure solution of antibodies that bind specifically to the cadherins (linking proteins) of the desmosomes of epithelial cells of a mouse. They then take a culture of these cells, divide it into separate control and experimental tubes, and add antibodies to the experimental tube and an equal volume of water to the control tube. What is the predicted outcome of this experiment?
A. Cells in the experimental tube will adhere to each other, but cells in the control tube will not
B. Cells in both tubes will adhere to each other
C. Cells in neither tube will adhere to each other
D. Cells in the control tube will adhere to each other, but cells in the experimental tube will not
8. Researchers obtain a pure solution of antibodies that bind specifically to the cadherins (linking proteins) of the desmosomes of epithelial cells of a mouse. As a follow up of their previous experiment, they take a tube of individual muscle cells from a chicken and add antibodies to the tube. What is the predicted outcome of this second experiment?
A. The antibodies will bind to the chicken muscle cells, so the cells will adhere to each other
B. The antibodies will bind to the chicken muscle cells, so the muscle cells will not adhere to each other
C. The antibodies will not bind to the chicken muscle cells, so the cells will adhere to each other
D. The antibodies will not bind to the chicken muscle cells, so the cells will not adhere to each other
9. When blood sugar levels are low, alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon, a peptide hormone that binds to glucagon receptors of the liver. These glucagon receptors are membrane-bound G-protein coupled receptors. This binding leads to a signal cascade that results in the cleavage of glucose monomers off stored glycogen in liver cells. The binding of glucagon and resulting response is an example of ______.
A. proteolysis
B. signal transduction
C. quorum sensing
D. homeostasis
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