Homework Project 1

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Pasadena City College *

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11D

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Statistics

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Jan 9, 2024

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pdf

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10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 1 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 Homework Project 1  This is a preview of the draft version of the quiz Started: Oct 11 at 7:49pm Quiz Instructions Complete your homework here! IMPORTANT NOTE: CANVAS MAY ONLY LET YOU SUBMIT YOUR HOMEWORK 1 TIME!!!! MAKE SURE YOU DON'T SUBMIT UNTIL YOU ARE DONE ..... The next several questions refer to the following statement: “Higher income individuals will be more conservative than individuals with lower incomes.” Suppose that you could run a survey to collect data to test this hypothesis. Consider the following questions. 1 pts Question 1 In this hypothesis, what is the independent variable? 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 2 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 p 0 words </> 3 pts Question 2 Propose a way to measure the independent variable. Since this would be on a survey, what kind of question would you ask and what answers could a respondent give? What type of level of measurement would this be? Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 3 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 p 0 words </> 1 pts Question 3 In this hypothesis, what is the dependent variable? Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 4 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 p 0 words </> 3 pts Question 4 Propose a way to measure the dependent variable. Since this would be on a survey, what kind of question would you ask and what answers could a respondent give? What type of level of measurement would this be? Explain. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 5 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 p 0 words </> 1 pts Question 5 What is the unit of analysis for this hypothesis, i.e., what are the units? You can answer in one word. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 6 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 p 0 words </> THE NEXT SEVERAL QUESTIONS REFER TO THIS HYPOTHESIS: “Countries that are democratic will be less effective at dealing with corruption than countries that are not democratic.” 1 pts Question 6 Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph

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10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 7 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 In this hypothesis, what is the independent variable? 3 pts Question 7 Propose a way to measure the independent variable. Suppose you could collect any type of data to measure corruption. What would you collect and what would be a value you might assign to a country? What type of level of measurement would this be? 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 8 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 1 pts Question 8 In this hypothesis, what is the dependent variable?

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 9 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 3 pts Question 9 Propose a way to measure the dependent variable. Suppose you could collect any type of data to measure corruption. What would you collect and what would be a value you might assign to a country? What type of level of measurement would this be? Explain. 1 pts Question 10 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 10 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 What is the unit of analysis for this hypothesis, i.e., what are the units? You can answer in one word. The next several questions refer to the following survey. I want to find out what all 1430 political science majors think about creating a law school at UCSD. I distribute a survey to students who are in poli sci clasess during week 2. On the survey, I ask whether students support establishing a law school and I get 1100 responses. I find that 75% of those surveyed support forming a UCSD law school. From this example, answer each of the following questions.

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 11 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 1 pts Question 11 In the preceding example, what is the population of interest? 1 pts Question 12 In the preceding example, what is the sample frame? 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 12 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 1 pts Question 13 In the preceding example, what is the population parameter?

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10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 13 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 1 pts Question 14 In the preceding example, what is the sample statistic? 1 pts Question 15 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 14 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 In the preceding example, what is the sample size? 1 pts Question 16 In the preceding example, what is the population size?

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 15 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 4 pts Question 17 In the preceding example, do you expect that the level of support for creating a law school is representative of all poli sci majors? Why or why not? 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 16 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 In Michael Kagay’s article “A Sample of a Sample,” (ARTICLE IS ONLINE AT LIBRARY RESERVES, RESERVES.UCSD.EDU (http://reserves.ucsd.edu) ) the author explains how the New York Times conducts its polls. Also available at https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/national/110499poll- watch.html (https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/national/110499poll-watch.html) 3 pts Question 18 What are three steps that these pollsters take to ensure that their sample will be representative of the population?

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 17 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 1 pts Question 19 Even if the pollsters follow all of these steps and assemble a truly random sample, their sample statistics will not necessarily be the same as the true population parameters. Why? 20 pts Question 20 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 18 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 For this problem, do your work on paper, take a picture or scan it, and upload the file. Given the dataset of Arizona’s 2020 Congressional election results (next page): a. Calculate the mean, median, standard deviation, and range of the percentage of the two-party votes cast for Democratic candidates. Show your work. b. Make a histogram BY HAND USING PENCIL/PEN AND PAPER of the percentage of the two-party votes cast for Democratic candidates, again only considering Democrats and Republicans. c. Make a bar plot of Party of Winner District Number Republican Votes Democrat Votes Percent of two- party vote cast for Democratic candidates Party of Winner 1 182336 179141 49.56% Republican 2 174169 149151 46.12% Republican 3 32475 108599 76.98% Democrat 4 116521 148941 56.10% Democrat

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10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 19 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 Upload 4 116521 148941 56.10% Democrat 5 182464 120243 37.39% Republican 6 177201 171969 49.24% Republican 7 69444 126418 64.54% Democrat 8 197555 7148 3.48% Republican 9 192796 4389 2.23% Republican Choose a File 10 pts Question 21 In a few sentences, describe or interpret each of the two graphs you created. 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 20 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 For the next several questions, you will begin to conduct your own research project. The original instructions from the homework are copied below. Throughout the four homework projects, you will test a hypothesis of your own devising. In this homework assignment, we will ask you to identify the variables you will investigate and to provide some information about them. You will use just one of the datasets that are available for this class. Look over these four (on the canvas site) and choose whichever one you find more interesting or appealing for this exercise. 1 pts Question 22 Which dataset will you use for your project? ANES 2020 ANES 1948

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 21 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 Rockets are cool! World Dataset of Countries World Values 5 pts Question 23 In one sentence, state the hypothesis that you plan to test using one of the datasets. 5 pts Question 24 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 22 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 In a short paragraph, provide some justification for the causal mechanism in your hypothesis (in other words, tell us your theory and why you think you’ll be right). 5 pts Question 25 Identify your independent variable or variables. How are they measured? Give at least two examples of the values that each independent variable might take on. What type of variable is it? Explain.

10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 23 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 5 pts Question 26 Identify your dependent variable. How is it measured? Give at least two examples of the values that it might take on. What type of variable is it? Explain. 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 24 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 4 pts Question 27 What kinds of bias, validity, or reliability problems might there be with the measures of these variables and why (or why not)? 5 pts Question 28

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10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 25 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 Upload Open the dataset using Stata and make a frequency distribution for your dependent variable. Attach to your homework. Don’t worry if it looks weird. (How to do this: 1) open the dataset in stata (use file-open, or double click on the dataset). 2) select “tab” (Statistics/Summaries, tables, and tests/Frequency table/One-way table), and find your variable. See the Stata Manual for details. Choose a File 4 pts Question 29 Upload For EITHER your independent OR dependent variable, make an appropriate graph in Stata and comment on it. This should be either a histogram or a marplot. Upload a copy of your graph here, and comment on it in the next question. Choose a File 4 pts Question 30 Comment on the graph you uploaded for the preceding question. 10/11/23, 7 : 51 PM Quiz: Homework Project 1 Page 26 of 26 https://canvas.ucsd.edu/courses/50060/quizzes/150070/take ? preview=1 No new data to save. Last checked at 7:50pm Upload Choose a File Submit Quiz

Homework Project 1

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