Nonparametric and Parametric Tests in Criminal Justice Statistics

 Question 1 0 out of 4 points Nonparametric tests are useful when: Selected Answer: The researcher cannot assume normality Answers: The researcher cannot assume normality There is a small number of cases Data are not measured at the interval level. All of the above  Question 2 4 out of 4 points Nonparametric tests REQUIRE: Selected Answer: None of the above required Answers: A nominal level of measurement Equal sample sizes More than two samples None of the above required  Question 3 4 out of 4 points Parametric tests require: Selected Answer: A normal distribution Answers: A normal distribution Equal sample sizes More than two samples None of the above  Question 4 0 out of 4 points Which of the following is FALSE of nonparmetric tests? Selected Answer: All of the above are false Answers: They require a normal distribution

They can use nominal level data They are less powerful than parametric tests All of the above are false  Question 5 4 out of 4 points "The ""power"" of a test refers to:" Selected Answer: The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis Answers: The maximum size of the sample permitted by the statistic The probability of your sample being truly representative. The numerical strength of a particular test The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis  Question 6 0 out of 4 points A chi-square test of significance is essentially concerned with: Selected Answer: The distinction between one ordinal and one interval level variable Answers: Only observed frequencies The distinction between expected and observed frequencies The distinction between two interval level variables The distinction between one ordinal and one interval level variable  Question 7 0 out of 4 points Expected frequencies represent: Selected Answer: None of the above Answers: The frequencies one would expect if the null hypothesis were true The frequencies one would expect if the null hypothesis was not true The frequencies one would expect if the samples were normally distributed

None of the above  Question 8 0 out of 4 points The frequencies proposed under the terms Selected Answer: A and C Answers: Observed frequencies Expected frequencies Marginal frequencies A and C  Question 9 4 out of 4 points "In a one-way chi-square, the appropriate number of degrees of freedom is:" Selected Answer: k-1 Answers: k+1 Square root of k-1 k-1 (k-1)2  Question 10 4 out of 4 points Small expected frequencies cause the value of the chi-square statistic to: Selected Answer: Become much larger Answers: Become much larger Become much smaller Not change Not enough information provided  Question 11 0 out of 4 points The degrees of freedom for a two-way chi-square statistic are: Selected Answer: [None Given]

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Answers: N-2 k-2 (r-1)(c-1) (r-1)2  Question 12 4 out of 4 points "If the chi-square expected frequency is less than 10, one should:" Selected Answer: Use Yates' correction Answers: Reject the null hypothesis Use Yates' correction Accept the null hypothesis Square all values  Question 13 5 out of 4 points Instructions: Questions 13-15 refer to the following observed data: A gambler interested in increasing his understanding of the odds associated with a standard deck of playing cards conducts the following experiment. Using a standard deck of 52 cards, he randomly "cuts" the deck twenty times and records the suit of the top card. The resulting distribution is as follows: Clubs 3 Diamonds 11 Hearts 0 Spades 6 Calculate the expected frequencies for hearts. Selected Answer: calculate the expected frequencies for hearts, determine the probability of drawing a heart from a standard deck of 52 cards. There are 13 hearts in a deck (one for each rank), so the probability of drawing a heart is 13/52, which simplifies to 1/4. To find the expected frequency, we multiply the probability of drawing a heart by the total number of trials (20 in this case): Expected frequency for hearts = (1/4) * 20 = 5 Therefore, the expected frequency for hearts is 5. Correct Answer: 5

 Question 14 0 out of 4 points Calculate the degrees of freedom. Selected Answer: df=(4−1)×(1−1)=3×0=0 Correct Answer: 3  Question 15 4 out of 4 points Calculate the chi-square. Selected Answer: Total number of observation/Number of categories (suits)s=20/4=5. X 2 +13.2 Correct Answer: 13.2  Question 16 0 out of 4 points Instructions: Questions 16-20 refer to the following situation: Below are the results of a cross-tabulation regarding the relationship between location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime: Residence Very Afraid Somewhat Afraid Not Afraid Rural 10 35 55 Urban 60 25 15 What is the null hypothesis? Selected Answer: The null hypothesis in this case would be that there is no relationship between the location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime/ Correct Answer: "The relative frequencies of those who are very afraid, somewhat afraid, and not afraid of being a victim of a violent crime is the same for rural and urban residents."  Question 17 4 out of 4 points

What are the degrees of freedom? Selected Answer: df=(r−1)×(c−1) df=(2−1)×(3−1)=1×2=2 Correct Answer: 2  Question 18 0 out of 4 points What is the critical chi-square value given in Table F of Appendix C for the .05 significance level? Selected Answer: [None Given] Correct Answer: 5.991  Question 19 0 out of 4 points Compute the chi-square value. Selected Answer: [None Given] Correct Answer: 60.24  Question 20 0 out of 4 points Is there a significant difference between residence locations and an invidiual's fear of crime? What is the level of significance? Selected Answer: [None Given] Correct Answer: "Yes, p< .01"  Question 21 0 out of 4 points Instructions: Questions 21-25 refer to the following situation: A standardized test is used to measure the aggression (ranging from 0 – 300) of individuals from two groups. The following results were found: Group 1 104, 109, 127, 143, 187, 204, 209, 266, 277 Group 2 62, 82, 89, 90, 101, 106, 109, 109, 205 Find the median of the two samples combined. Selected Answer: 62, 82, 89, 90, 101, 104, 106, 109, 109, 127, 143, 187, 204, 205, 209, 266, 277 median 109 Correct Answer: 109  Question 22

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0 out of 4 points Conduct a median test to determine if there is a significant difference between these groups. Selected Answer: [None Given] Correct Answer: 5.625  Question 23 0 out of 4 points "Is there a significant difference between the two groups and level of aggression? If so, what is the level of significance?" Selected Answer: [None Given] Correct Answer: "Yes, p< .01"  Question 24 0 out of 4 points "Using the same data, conduct a Mann-Whitney U test of significance." Selected Answer: [None Given] Correct Answer: 10 and 71  Question 25 0 out of 4 points "Is there a significant difference between the two groups and level of aggression? If so, what is the level of significance?" Selected Answer: [None Given] Correct Answer: "Yes, p< .01" Thursday, December 14, 2023 12:49:43 AM EST

CRJ356_30_Statistical Methods in Criminal Justice_2023_24_TERM3

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