eab_703_psc12

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University of Nevada, Las Vegas *

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703

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Statistics

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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EAB 703 Problem Set c12 NOTE: Assume we are testing at α = 0.05 for all statistical tests The local health district conducted a workshop for teenagers to educate them about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For 16 year-olds, 21 attended; for 17 year-olds, 50 attended; for 18 year-olds, 44 attended; and for 19 year-olds, 40 attended. Is there evidence to suggest that the number of teenagers who attended were equally distributed across the four age groups? Ho: The number of teenagers who attended were equally distributed across the four age groups Ha: The number of teenagers who attended were not equally distributed across the four age groups Test statistic & value: , X 2 = 12.148 p-value: 0.0069 Effect Size 0.28 Statistical conclusion: Since p-value < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. Written conclusion: At 0.05 level of significance , there is sufficient evidence to suggest that number of teenagers who attended were not equally distributed across the four age groups .

The following table shows 200 males classified according to social class and headache status measured over the past 12 months. Social Class Headache group A B C No headaches 6 30 22 Simple headaches 11 35 17 Unilateral headache 4 19 14 Migraine 5 25 12 Are social class and headache group related based on these data? Ho: Two categorial variables are independent. Ha: Two categorical variables are dependent. Test statistic & value: Chi-square test, X 2 = 3.45 p-value: 0.7505 Effect Size 12.592 Statistical conclusion: Since p-value > 0.05, we accept the null hypothesis. Written conclusion: Since, p-value > 0.05 and observed test statistic < critical value, at 0.05 level of significance, we do not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Hence, we can conclude that the categorical variables are independent.

Skinner et al. conducted a clinical trial to determine whether treatment with melphalan, prednisone, and colchicine (MPC) is superior to colchicines (C) alone in treating amyloidosis. Fifty were treated with C and 50 with MPC. Eighteen months after the last person was admitted to the trial and six years after the trial began, 44 of those receiving C and 36 of those receiving MPC had died. Complete the following table. Died Yes No C alone 44 6 MPC 36 14 Compute the relative risk and the 95% confidence interval for relative risk for patients receiving C alone. RR 0.88 95% CI for RR 0.88 +/- 0.090 Provide an interpretation of these values. Hence confidence interval is (0.790, 0.97) Voskuyl et al. investigated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The investigators were interested in knowing if vasculitis was associated with development of RA in a group of those with RA compared to a group without RA. The subjects were 207 patients, 169 of which had been diagnosed as having vasculits and 38 patients who did not have the condition. There were 32 patients who had been diagnosed as having both RA and vasculitis and 21 patients who had neither condition. Complete the following table. RA Yes No Vasculitis positive 32 137 Vasculitis negative 17 21 Compute the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval for odds ratio for the vasculitis positive patients. OR 0.82 95% CI for OR 0.82 +/- 0.05 Provide an interpretation of these values. Hence confidence interval is (0.77, 0.87)

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eab_703_psc12

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