IHP 340 Module Six Worksheet(1)

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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340

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Statistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Module Six Worksheet Identification of Methods and Interpretation of Results Prompt : Review Table 1 below and then complete the Module Six Worksheet steps. Note: the chi-square (c 2 ) test is covered in Module Seven. Table 1: Characteristics of Women According to Intake of Alcohol Variable Nondrinker* Drinker* Test Statistic** P value Mean age of mother at birth (years) 28.2 + 4.4 30.1 + 4.4 19.16 <.0001 % of mothers with education > 12 years 71.1% 77.6% 226.9 <.0001 % of mothers who smoked during pregnancy 7.5% 12.0% 100.7 <.0001 Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m 2 ) 23.8 + 4.6 23.7 + 4.3 0.8 0.469 Note: intake of alcohol was during pregnancy except for prepregnancy BMI comparison where drinking status was also prepregnancy. *Continuous variables presented by mean + standard deviation, categorical variables as % ** Test statistic is either a  2 value or a t-value Reference: Dale, M. T. G., Bakketeig, L. S., and Magnus, P. (2016). Alcohol consumption among first-time mothers and the risk preterm birth: A cohort study. Annals of Epidemiology 26, 275–282 Steps : For this assignment, complete the following steps: 1. Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Use Table 1 as your source of information. Use the provided completed cells in the matrix to help you fill in the rest of the cells. 1

Variable 1 Variable 2 Name of Variable 1 (Provide Units or Categories) Quantitative (continuous) or Categorical? Name of Variable 2 (Provide Units or Categories) Quantitative (continuous) or Categorical? Appropriate Statistical Test to use Corresponding Research Question P value Pre-Pregnancy BMI Quantitative (continuous) Drinker type (nondrinker or drinker) Categorical Two-sample independent t-test Is there a significant difference in pre-pregnancy BMI between mothers who do and do not drink? <0.469 Percentage of mothers with an education greater than 12 years Categorical Drinker type (nondrinker or drinker) Categorical Chi-square test Did the amount of education received vary by mothers who drank and those who did not? <.0001 Pre-pregnant intake of alcohol (drinker vs nondrinker) Categorical Smoked during pregnancy (y/n) categorical Chi-square test Is there a significant incidence of smoking during pregnancy between mothers who do or do not drink? <.0001 Pre-pregnant intake of alcohol (drinker vs nondrinker) Categorical Age of mother when child is born (years) quantitative (continuous) Two-sample independent t-test Is there a significant difference in the mean age of mothers at birth who drink and do not drink? <.0001 2. Write out a complete answer to each of the four research questions stated in the matrix. Be sure to state what is being compared and what group or groups did better and by how much. Also, state if the difference was statistically significant or not. RQ1. This question compares the relationship between the pre-pregnancy BMI of mothers (quantitative) who do or do not drink (categorical). The average BMI of mothers who did drink was 23.7 ± 4.3 compared to the BMI of mothers who did not drink was 23.8 ±4.6. Based on the p-value of this comparison, we cannot reject the null hypothesis because Ho: p = 0.05, and p = 0.469. Since p = 0.469 > 2

0.05, we cannot conclude statistical evidence of a relationship between pregnancy BMI and alcohol consumption. RQ2. This question compares a relationship between the percentage of mothers with an education level > 12 years (categorical) and whether they consume alcohol (categorical). The chi square test concluded that 77.6% of mothers with an education level > 12 years consume alcohol whereas 71.1% of mothers with an education level > 12 years do not consume alcohol. Ho: p = 0.05 and the p-value was <.0001, therefore the null hypothesis can be rejected. Since .0001 < 0.05, it can be concluded that there is statistical significance of a difference between mothers with an education level > 12 years who consume alcohol and mothers who do not. RQ3. This question compares the relationship between the percentage of mothers who smoked during pregnancy (categorical) and their consumption of alcohol (categorical). The chi square test concluded that 12% of mothers who smoked during pregnancy consumed alcohol whereas 7.5% of mothers who smoked during pregnancy did not consume alcohol. Ho: p = 0.05 and the p-value for this test is <.0001, therefore we can reject the null hypothesis as p<.0001 < 0.05 and conclude that there is statistical evidence indicating a higher percentage of smoking during a pregnancy and alcohol consumption. RQ4. This question compares the mother's age at birth (quantitative) with the pre-pregnant intake of alcohol (categorical). The t-test concluded that the average age of a mother who consumes alcohol was 30.1 ± 4.4, while the average age of a mother who does not consume alcohol was 28.2 ± 4.4. Based on the p-value of p<.0001, we can reject the null hypothesis since Ho: p = 0.05. Since p<0.0001 < 0.05, we can conclude that there is statistical evidence that the average age of a mother at birth was higher if she consumes alcohol. 3. Were the values of BMI more varied among the women who drank or did not drink prior to getting pregnant? Explain how you know this. There is no statistical evidence indicating a relationship between the BMI of pre-pregnant mothers and their consumption of alcohol. Ho: p = 0.05. The result of this t-test was p<0.469. 0.469 > 0.05, therefore no statistical evidence can be concluded since the p-value is greater than alpha. However, we can confirm that there is a greater variation among mothers who did not drink because the standard deviation was ±4.6 compared to the ±4.3 standard deviation of mothers who did. 4. Upload and submit your completed worksheet assignment. 3

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