Independent-Samples t Lab - Salary - accessible - Copy

SPSS Lab : Independent-Samples t - Salary Worksheet Copy the SPSS output boxes for each of your analyses and paste them into this worksheet in the designated spaces. Paste screenshots of the Data View and the Variable View in the designated spaces, too. Before or after you complete the quiz based on this lab, you must submit this worksheet to the assignment folder designated for the Independent-Samples t Labs. EXPERIMENT ONE Dr. Euphrasia studies gender differences in income, and she wants to apply what she knows to salaries in higher education. In most fields, women earn less than men, so she wants to test her expectation that female faculty earn less than male faculty. She selected a sample from the population of faculty teaching at colleges and universities in Georgia, where she could look up the salaries of any government employee. She obtained the following salary data for a sample of female and a sample of male faculty (in thousands of dollars): Using SPSS, compute the appropriate test on the data from Experiment 1. Paste the Group Statistics output here: Group Statistics Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Income in Thousands Women 7 74.00 15.067 5.695 Men 7 85.00 8.406 3.177 Women Men 60 90 88 97 95 89 72 74 84 88 61 75 58 82

Fill in the M and SD for each group: Women Men M (Experiment 1) 74.00 85.00 SD (Experiment 1) 15.07 8.41 Paste the Independent Samples Test output here: With alpha set at .05, write a conclusion based on these SPSS results. Be sure to report the appropriate statistics in APA style . The female participant group does not earn differently (M = 74.00) than the male participant group in the amount of salary (M = 85.00), t(12) = -1.69, p = .059. Paste a screenshot of the Data View (showing all the columns in which you have entered data) here:

EXPERIMENT TWO Dr. Smith wanted to replicate the previous study. He selected a new sample from the population of faculty teaching at colleges and universities in Georgia. He obtained the following salary data for the women and men in that sample (in thousands of dollars): Using SPSS compute the appropriate test on the data from Experiment 2. Paste the Group Statistics output here: Group Statistics Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Income in Thousands Women 7 76.00 10.630 4.018 Men 7 87.00 2.236 .845 3. Give the M and SD for each group: Women Men M (Experiment 2) 76.00 87.00 SD (Experiment 2) 10.63 2.24 4. The difference between the means in Experiment 1 is _________ the difference between the means in Experiment 2 . a. less than b. greater than Women Men 64 89 78 87 95 89 72 83 84 88 71 85 68 88

c. the same as 5. The variability (the SDs for each group) in Experiment 1 is _________ the variability in Experiment 2 . a. less than b. greater than c. the same as 6a. Given your answer to numbers 4 and 5, the results of Experiment 1 are _________ to be significant compared to the results of Experiment 2 ? a. less likely b. more likely c. equally likely 6b. Explain why by answering this question: How will the numerator and denominator of the t -obtained formula be affected by the answers to questions 4 and 5? Note : When you make comparisons between the two experiments, clearly identify which experiment you are referring to. I have answered this question for you in great detail below. You will need to answer a similar question on later exams, so you should make sure you understand the explanation now. For the sake of this lab, though, and the accompanying quiz, you will only need to use this information to answer the question below that asks you to “Sum up the comparison between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.” This paragraph provides sufficient explanation for the answer to 6a above: The difference between the means is the same in both experiments, so the numerator of the formula for t -obtained is the same in both experiments. Variability in Experiment 1 is greater than variability in Experiment 2, so the denominator in the formula for t -obtained is larger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2. The way you know that there is more variability in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2 is by looking at the standard deviations in each experiment: The SD of the women is larger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2, and the SD of the men is also larger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2. The next several paragraphs provide additional details about the answer that may help you better understand the paragraph above. Exp 1 vs Exp 2 Variability Recall that standard deviation, variance, and standard error are all interrelated measures of variability and that they all move in the same direction (if one gets bigger, they all get bigger, and vice versa). In the two experiments you have analyzed so far, you have taken note of the standard deviation, as opposed to the other measures of variability. As I described above, the SDs for both women and for men are larger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2. This implies that the variance and standard error are also larger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2. Thus, the denominator of the t-obtained formula is larger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2.

Paste a screenshot of the Data View (showing all the columns in which you have entered data) here: Paste a screenshot of the Variable View (showing all the rows in which you have entered information corresponding to the columns above) here:

Results Section In this question, you are going to submit a properly formatted results section based on Experiment 1 . Below, I have provided you a template that forms the basis of a simple results section for an independent- samples t test. You are expected to write a complete paragraph using the exact wording provided . In those locations where number signs ( ## ) are placed, you should substitute the correct values and round them to the appropriate number of decimal places . In locations where choices are given as to which word(s) should be used, use only the appropriate word(s) and leave out the other choices . For example, if the passage showed they ate less/the same/more food , and the results were that they ate less food, then this part of the results should read: they ate less food . You will be graded based on putting the correct numbers and words in the correct locations and on using the correct formatting (rounding, spacing, punctuation, italics). You will lose one point for each error . Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version ## ) statistical software. An independent-samples t test compared the salaries of a sample of female faculty to a sample of male faculty in the state of Georgia. There was a significant / no difference between the female faculty ( M = ## , SD = ## ) and the male faculty ( M = ## , SD = ## ), t ( ## ) = ## , p = ## . Thus, female faculty earn / do not earn significantly lower / the same / higher salaries than / as male faculty in Georgia. ***** I recommend that you copy the results paragraph and paste it below, then replace the ## symbols with the correct numbers ( rounded correctly , too!). Then remove words that don’t belong, leaving only the ones that do (i.e., if the result is significant, then remove the “ / no ” following “ a significant ” in the third sentence.) When you are finished, please read through the whole paragraph to make sure you didn’t omit any words or numbers or leave any words behind that shouldn’t be there; also check that everything that should be italicized is italicized after you copy the paragraph into D2L (sometimes, the italics don’t carry over). Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 29 ) statistical software. An independent-samples t test compared the salaries of a sample of female faculty to a sample of male faculty in the state of Georgia. There was a significant difference between the female faculty ( M = 74.00 , SD = 15.07 ) and the male faculty ( M = 85.00 , SD = 8.41 ), t ( 12 ) = -1.69 , p = .059 . Thus, female faculty earn significantly lower salaries than male faculty in Georgia.