GEO 3162C homework 4

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School

University of Florida *

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3162C

Subject

Statistics

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by ChancellorGuanacoPerson1063

#1-a. image 1. Crime rate calculated with the formula of [(crm_cnt)/(ttl_ppl)] and displayed decimals of 2. A total of 297 census tracks exist in the table.

image 2. Choropleth map of the crime rate of Detroit using natural break classification of 6 categories. Four undefined areas exist as total population data for four census tracts do not exist. #1-b. Overall, the Northwest part of Detroit has a lower crime rate than the Southeast and areas near the Detroit River. Most of the region in the Northwest part has an average crime rate of less than 0.164. However, regions in the city's middle to lower right side have an average crime rate higher than 0.224. Also, the tracts near the Detroit River have a higher crime rate than any other region.

#1-c. image 3. A histogram and a boxplot with the descriptive statistics are shown in the graph. The histogram has six intervals: 0.0-0.1 has the greatest frequency, and 0.4-0.5 has the lowest frequency. The minimum value of the crime rate is 0.0280426, and the maximum is 0.568785 according to the descriptive statistics of the history. The total number of objects is 297, and this histogram is made by the natural breaks method. The box plot has dots outside of the whiskers of the plot, showing that there are some extreme values for the data. Standard Deviatoin is 0.073 6.

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#2-a. image 4. This image is showing the Equal Interval Map with 6 categories and interval of 0.09. The first and the second interval has the most census tracks, with 132 and 126 tracks, and the last two intervals have the least census tracks, with two each. Four undefined areas exist as total population data for four census tracts do not exist. Most of the regions with high crime rates are located near the Detroit River. image 5. The image is showing the Quantile Breaks map with 6 categories. Four undefined areas exist as total population data for four census tracts do not exist. Almost all the six quantile has the same census track with 49, and only one quantile (0.100: 0.123) has an exception of 28. Four undefined areas exist as total population data for four census tracts do not exist. Regions with high crime rates are spread around, and the northwest area's average crime rate is slightly lower than the others.

image 6. The image is showing the Standard Deviation Map with the default setting of 6 categories. The intervals of the categories are about 0.073. Four undefined areas exist as total population data for four census tracts do not exist. Most areas located on the city's Northwest side have a relatively low standard deviation, but the area near the river has a high standard deviation. #2-b. By looking through all four maps, we can know the crime pattern of Detroit. The crime rate is lowest in the Northwest part of the city and highest in the lower center part and the area near the river. Maps with Natural Breaks, Equal Intervals, and Standard Deviation show similar results, although the Natural Breaks map makes us think there's a slightly higher average crime rate. However, the Quantile Breaks shows a bit different result. According to the map, the crime rate of Detroit is high on the overall east side of the city, with the riverside area with a higher crime rate than anywhere. The city's northwest side seems to have some crime, with the lowest quartile track rarely shown.

#3-a. image 7. The image shows the table for the crime rate for each block group using [(crm_cnt)/(ttl_ppl)] and displayed decimals of two. It has total row of 879.

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image 8.The image shows the map using the crime rate for each block group using the natural break classification of 6 categories. Areas near the Detroit river have a relatively high crime rate, and there are four undefined areas with 0 total people in the table. #3-b. image 9. The image shows both the histogram and boxplot for the block group level of crime rate with descriptive statistics below. Most of the variable is concentrated at the first interval of the histogram. Also at the box plot, there are some dots outside the whiskers of the plot, showing that there are some extreme values in the variable.

#3-c. Spatial unit Mean Std Dev Minimum Maximum Median Census tract 0.14 0.07 0.03 0.57 0.12 Block group 0.16 0.22 0.01 5.14 0.12 #3-d. The maps of the block group are much more specified than the map of the tract level. The areas that are identified to have relatively high and low crime rates are similar to both maps: The northwest side of Detroit has low crime rates, and areas close to the Detroit River and the center to the right side of the city have high crime rates. However, the descriptive statistics have some differences. Since the block group has a smaller total number of people, the maximum crime rate of the block group is way bigger than the one of the census tract level, leading to the drastic difference in the shape of the histogram and box pot and standard deviation. This means that one block group has an especially high crime concentration compared to all other areas.

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